Novel Enzymatic Biosensor Utilizing a MoS₂/MoO₃ Nanohybrid for the Electrochemical Detection of Xanthine in Fish Meat

Abstract

A rapid, reliable, and user-friendly electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of xanthine (Xn), an important biomarker of food quality. The developed sensor is based on a nanocomposite comprised of molybdenum disulfide-molybdenum trioxide (MoS 2 /MoO 3 ) and synthesized using a single-pot hydrothermal method. Structural analysis of the MoS 2 /MoO 3 nanocomposite was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, while its compositional properties were evaluated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two-dimensional (2D) MoS 2 offers advantages such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, and strong light–matter interaction, whereas MoO 3 serves as an effective electron transfer mediator and exhibits excellent stability in aqueous environments. The enzymatic biosensor derived from this nanocomposite demonstrates remarkable cyclic stability and a low limit of detection of 64 nM. It enables rapid, reproducible, specific, and reproducible detection over 10 cycles while maintaining a shelf life of more than 5 weeks. These findings highlight the potential of our proposed approach for the development of early detection devices for Xn.

Target-Imprinted Polyaniline/Nb2O5 Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Interfaces for Monitoring Kidney Function

“…The impact of Cre-imprinting and Nb 2 O 5 is manifested through a significant increase in the sensitivity obtained from the slope of calibration plots, which is ascribed to their improved electrochemical properties. The sensitivity ( S ) and corresponding standard deviation (σ) are used to determine the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), as follows: 3.3 σ/ S = LOD; and 10 σ/ S = LOQ, respectively. , Thus, calculated figures of merit for all devices are reported in Table . The Cre-PAni/Nb 2 O 5 sensors reveal a 4.5, 3.1, and 1.7-fold increase in sensitivity compared to those of PAni, Cre-PAni, and PAni/Nb 2 O 5 sensors, respectively.…”

“…The sensitivity (S) and corresponding standard deviation (σ) are used to determine the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), as follows: 3.3 σ/S = LOD; and 10 σ/S = LOQ, respectively. 54,55 Thus, calculated figures of merit for all devices are reported in Table 1. The Cre-PAni/Nb 2 O 5 sensors reveal a 4.5, 3.1, and For commercial applications, the cross-sensitivity of the Cre-PAni/Nb 2 O 5 sensors toward 1000 nM concentrations of various salivary analytes is measured.…”