Novel forward osmosis process to effectively remove heavy metal ions

Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis

“…The degree of this ICP is much lower than that in FO mode due to the much lower osmotic pressure of the feed solution than the draw solution. Hence, the water flux in PRO mode is generally higher than that in FO mode (Cui et al, 2014). It has been reported that the higher the ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode, the lower the degree of ICP .…”

Influences of mechanical pretreatment on the non-biological treatment of municipal wastewater by forward osmosis

“…However, only 7% of these studies are related to wastewater treatment. [18] Most of these studies focused on using synthetic wastewater as feed for FO processes [19][20][21][22], and only a few studies have been performed using real diluted raw municipal wastewater. [15,23] Furthermore, Xie et al [16] reviewed different membrane-based processes for nutrient recovery and used FO as the sole technology for treating urine, synthetic wastewater and activated sludge.…”

Evaluation of CNTs/MnO2 composite for adsorption of 60Co(II), 65Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions

“…According to the World Health Organization guidelines, the permissible concentration of cadmium in drinking water is < 0.005 mg L −1 [6]. Different methods were used for removal of heavy metals from wastewaters include ion-exchange, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, evaporation, membrane filtration, adsorption, and biosorption [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, there are some disadvantages in these methods such as incomplete metal removal, complex procedure, high cost and low efficiency.…”