Novel glycerol-based polymerized flame retardants with combined phosphorus structures for preparation of high performance unsaturated polyester resin composites

Chu, Fukai; Qiu, Shuilai; Zhou, Yifan; Zhou, Xia; Cai, Wei; Zhu, Yulu; He, Lingxin; Song, Lei; Hu, Weizhao

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109647

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The associated P 2p spectrum (Figure f) is asymmetric, which can be accounted by deconvolution at the peaks 135.4 and 133.4 eV, representing the P–O bond and P–C bond, respectively . The phosphoric acid derived from RPHNs promotes the dehydration of the TPU molecular chains to form metaphosphoric acid, which is further polymerized to produce poly(metaphosphoric acid) with strong acidic and thermally stable properties, so that the char layer can be cross-linked and strengthened …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 The phosphoric acid derived from RPHNs promotes the dehydration of the TPU molecular chains to form metaphosphoric acid, which is further polymerized to produce poly(metaphosphoric acid) with strong acidic and thermally stable properties, so that the char layer can be cross-linked and strengthened. 42 The gaseous phase flame-retardant mechanism plays an important role in suppressing the combustion and thermal feedback of combustible materials. As shown in Figure 7a, a 3D TG-FTIR spectrum provides a visual indication of the evolutionary behavior of the decomposed gaseous products.…”

Section: Condensed and Gaseousmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Song

Yuan

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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High-power and high-temperature applications have brought increased demand for electrical sensing systems; however, conventional sensors have often been designed without consideration for stability in extreme environments (e.g., fire). Red phosphorus (RP) is a highly effective commercial flame retardant; however, its sensitive properties and large size predispose it to spontaneous combustion during shearing and make it difficult to combine with direct inkjet writing technology carrying micron-sized pinholes to fabricate sophisticated sensor devices. Here, bulk commercial red phosphorus (C-RP) is converted into red phosphorous hollow nanospheres (RPHNs). The ingeniously designed nanostructure effectively circumvents the flammability of C-RP extrusion processes and the risk of clogging the printing needle, and a fireproof pressure-sensitive sensor has been successfully fabricated. A load of RPHNs into a sensor matrix improves the moldability and fire safety properties. And with the assistance of the rapid charring mechanism, the peak of the heat release rate of the fireproof pressure-sensitive sensor is reduced by 58.9% compared to the pure matrix and withstands seven 2-s repetitive ignitions, thus allowing the sensor to respond continuously to flame stimulation. This work provides a broad perspective on the design of fireproof sensors and the application of red phosphorus hollow nanospheres.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Condensed and Gaseousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Song

Yuan

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…At the same time, as the flame retardant content increases, the char layer exhibits a denser structure. Whether it is the insulation from heat and smoke or the protective effect on the substrate, it is of great benefit 56,57 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH composites for regulating heat and fire safety properties of polyurea

Lyu

Hou

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The flame retardant zinc ferrite@Mg‐Al‐sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate layered double hydroxide (ZnFe2O4@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH) was prepared successfully by simple hydrothermal method and co‐precipitation method. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle was used as the core on which Mg‐Al LDH was encapsulated to form a spherical structure with a lamellar intercalation layer. The microstructure, the phase structure, and the thermal properties of flame retardant were characterized in detail. Compared with pure polyurea (PUA), the total heat release (THR), peak heat release rate (PHRR) and smoke factor (SF) of PUA/ZnFe2O4@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH 3.0 wt% decreased by 17.64%, 20.13%, and 28.42%, respectively. In the combustion process, Mg‐Al LDH could generate porous metal oxides (Al2O3 and MgO), and ZnFe2O4 could also be decomposed into ZnO and Fe2O3. These oxides catalyzed cross‐linking of polymer molecules, to promote the formation of a dense char layer, and isolated heat and combustible gases from the underlying material. The improved flame retardant properties of the modified intercalated microspheres could be attributed to catalytic carbonization and physical barrier. Moreover, the mechanical properties of PUA composites were tested by universal tensile testing machine. The results showed that the addition of ZF@MASL flame retardant had little influence on the mechanical properties of PUA composites.

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“…As a saturated aromatic thermoplastic polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is widely used in the automotive industry, packaging and home textiles due to its excellent comprehensive properties, including high strength, high modulus, chemical resistance, spinnability and low cost. , However, PET is a flammable material and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PET is only 22%. In addition, due to the linear structure of PET, droplets are easily generated during the combustion process, which accelerate the spread of flames. , There are safety hazards due to the inflammability and widespread use of PET, especially mainly in traffic interior decoration, cable protection, and other fields. Therefore, it is important to prepare PET with flame retardancy and droplet resistance simultaneously, and it has been one of the hotspots in the flame retardant field. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, due to the linear structure of PET, droplets are easily generated during the combustion process, which accelerate the spread of flames. 3 , 4 There are safety hazards due to the inflammability and widespread use of PET, especially mainly in traffic interior decoration, cable protection, and other fields. Therefore, it is important to prepare PET with flame retardancy and droplet resistance simultaneously, and it has been one of the hotspots in the flame retardant field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

et al. 2022

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In this study, an antidroplet flame retardant system based on FRPET (phosphorus-containing copolyester) is constructed with DOPO-POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing DOPO) as an additive flame retardant. It is demonstrated that DOPO-POSS has good dispersibility at a lower amount. When the amount of DOPO-POSS is 9 wt %, the residual char of DOPO-POSS/FRPET at 700 °C increases to 23.56 from 18.16% of FRPET, and the maximum thermal weight loss rate also reduces. What is more is that the limiting oxygen index increases to 33 from 26% of FRPET. The flame burning time is shortened to 4.95 from 20.8 s, the phenomenon of self-extinguishing of the fire occurs, and the vertical combustion level is increased from V-2 to V-0. Compared with FRPET, the peak of the heat release rate decreases by 66.0%, the total heat release decreases by 32.4%, the flame retardancy index (FRI) reaches an excellent value, and the condensed-phase products significantly improve. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM−EDX), thermogravimetric−FTIR (TG−FTIR), and pyrolysis−gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py−GC/MS) results indicate that DOPO-POSS contributes to the formation of char layers and decomposes to generate free radicals with a quenching effect. In a word, DOPO-POSS is an effective radical trapper and charring agent for PET and exerts a flame retardancy effect in gaseous and condensed phases simultaneously.

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Novel glycerol-based polymerized flame retardants with combined phosphorus structures for preparation of high performance unsaturated polyester resin composites

Cited by 75 publications

References 56 publications

Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH composites for regulating heat and fire safety properties of polyurea

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

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Novel glycerol-based polymerized flame retardants with combined phosphorus structures for preparation of high performance unsaturated polyester resin composites

Cited by 75 publications

References 56 publications

Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Hollow Nanospheres of Red Phosphorus for Fireproof Flexible Sensors Fabricated via 3D Printing

Synthesis of ZnFe2O4@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH composites for regulating heat and fire safety properties of polyurea

Mechanical, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retarding Properties of Phosphorus-Modified PET Blended with DOPO-POSS

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Synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH composites for regulating heat and fire safety properties of polyurea