Novel method for emboli analog formation towards improved stroke retrieval devices

Preut, Anne; Laughlin, Megan; Jensen, Hanna; Hestekin, Jamie A.; Jensen, Morten Ø.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.08.035

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Previous studies have successfully created blood clot analogs for in vitro testing using animal blood of various species, which have significantly advanced our understanding of clot biomechanics and imaging characteristics. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, blood components and blood groups vary among species; 20 thus, creating clot analogs with human blood is likely a more accurate representation of thrombi formed in the human vasculature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Human Acute Ischemic Stroke Blood Clot Analogs for In Vitro Thrombectomy Testing

Fitzgerald¹,

Liu²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have successfully created blood clot analogs for in vitro endovascular device testing using animal blood of various species. Blood components vary greatly among species; therefore, creating clot analogs from human blood is likely a more accurate representation of thrombi formed in the human vasculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Following approval from the Mayo Clinic institutional review board, human whole-blood and platelet donations were obtained from the blood transfusion service. Twelve clot analogs were created by combining different ratios of red blood cells 1 buffy coat, plasma, and platelets. Thrombin and calcium chloride were added to stimulate coagulation. Clot composition was assessed using histologic and immunohistochemical staining. To assess the similarities of mechanical properties to patient clots, 3 types of clot analogs (soft, elastic, and stiff) were selected for in vitro thrombectomy testing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Human Acute Ischemic Stroke Blood Clot Analogs for In Vitro Thrombectomy Testing

Fitzgerald¹,

Liu²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Access to EAs in vitro dramatically simplifies the development of stroke treatment devices by significantly reducing the need for complex and expensive animal trials [ 4 ]. The associated reduction in logistical difficulty can lead to more rapid design iterations and decreased time-to-market and cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emboli analogs (EAs) were formed using whole sheep blood, stabilized with 3.8% ( w / v ) sodium citrate solution at a 1:10 anticoagulant–blood ratio (Lampire Biological Laboratories, Pipersville, PA, USA) [ 4 , 5 ]. Clots were formed from fresh blood refrigerated at 2 °C for less than 21 days to ensure consistent coagulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clots were formed from fresh blood refrigerated at 2 °C for less than 21 days to ensure consistent coagulation. To form the clots, the blood was mixed with 2.45% ( w / v ) calcium chloride solution (1720-4, Ricca Chemical Co., Arlington, TX, USA) at a 9:1 ratio [ 4 ]. The blood mixture, 2 mL per clot, was then placed into an open-ended, uncoated borosilicate glass tube (inner diameter: 11.4 mm; outer diameter: 13 mm) that was plugged at one end with a cork stopper and left open to atmospheric air at the other end.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access to reproducible and representative model blood clots is essential. In this study, we build upon previously reported techniques to provide a method for reliably producing blood clots representative of those found in vivo [ 4 ]. The study was further designed to use the manufactured clots to determine the effectiveness of human plasmin as a clot-busting drug under simulated local delivery conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Blood Clot Formation and Dissolution for Testing New Stroke-Treatment Devices

Wood

Stephens

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Strokes are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Ischemic stroke, due to plaque or other buildup blocking blood flow to the brain, is the most common type. Although ischemic stroke is treatable, current methods have severe shortcomings with high mortality rates. Clot retrieval devices, for example, can result in physically damaged vessels and death. This study aims to create blood clots that are representative of those found in vivo and demonstrate a new method of removing them. Static blood clots were formed using a 9:1 ratio of whole sheep blood and 2.45% calcium chloride solution. This mixture was heated in a water bath at 37 °C for approximately one hour until solidified. Following clot solidification, human plasmin was introduced by various methods, including soaking, injection, and membrane perfusion, and the resulting dissolution percentages were determined. Different clot types, representative of the wide range found physiologically, were also manufactured and their dissolution characteristics evaluated. A method to reproducibly create blood clots, characteristic of those found in vivo, is essential for the production of stroke retrieval devices that can efficiently and effectively remove clots from patients with low mortality rates and little/no damage to the surrounding vessels.

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In vitro models for the experimental evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy devices in acute ischemic stroke

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Interv Neuroradiol

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Mechanical thrombectomy has become an important method for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke for large vessel occlusions. The current hotspots of mechanical thrombectomy are optimizing the treatment methods, improving the recanalization rate and reducing complications. The in vitro model has become a common and convenient method for mechanical thrombectomy research. This review summarizes the in vitro model in the following aspects: the preparation of clot analogues; the experimental platform; the application of the in vitro model in the testing of thrombectomy devices; and the advantages, limitations and future trends of the in vitro experimental model. This review describes the characteristics and applications of the in vitro experimental model with the hope that the in vitro experimental model will be further improved and play a more effective role in the study of mechanical thrombectomy.

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Novel method for emboli analog formation towards improved stroke retrieval devices

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Novel Human Acute Ischemic Stroke Blood Clot Analogs for In Vitro Thrombectomy Testing

Novel Human Acute Ischemic Stroke Blood Clot Analogs for In Vitro Thrombectomy Testing

In Vitro Blood Clot Formation and Dissolution for Testing New Stroke-Treatment Devices

In vitro models for the experimental evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy devices in acute ischemic stroke

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