Novel Method for Rapid Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Using High-Performance Eye-Tracking Technology

Oyama, Akane; Takeda, Shuko; Ito, Yuki; Nakajima, Tadahisa; Takami, Yoichi; Takeya, Yasushi; Yamamoto, Kōichi; Sugimoto, Ken; Shimizu, Hideo; Shimamura, Munehisa; Katayama, Taiichi; Rakugi, Hiromi; Morishita, Ryuichi

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49275-x

Cited by 94 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The amount of time spent observing the new item, compared to that spent on the old item, is recorded and the preference for the new item is calculated as the novelty preference (NP) score (Zola et al, 2000 ; Lagun et al, 2011 ). Healthy controls tend to concentrate disproportionately more on the novel aspects of the environment (Haque et al, 2019 ; Jiang et al, 2019 ; Oyama et al, 2019 ). In the VPC tasks, the expected normal performance is that the subjects spend more time looking at new pictures than the old ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Eye Movement Parameters in an Aging Chinese Population

Nie

Qiu

Phillips

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: The pathogenesis of dementia often starts several years prior to clinical onset during which the individual is asymptomatic. Existing strategies for the accurate diagnosis of early dementia are limited by high cost and the invasive nature of the procedures. Eye movement parameters associated with cognitive functions may be helpful in the early identification of dementia and in the development and evaluation of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Objective: We aimed to assess differences in eye movement parameters between healthy elderly individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, we examined the correlations between eye movement parameters with cognitive functions and specific hemispheric region and neural structures in individuals with MCI. Method: Eighty individuals with MCI without dementia (based on DSM-IV criteria) identified by community screening and 170 healthy controls were administered Chinese versions of MoCA and NTB, and a long (20 min) or short (5 min) version of a visual paired comparison (VPC) task. Two weeks later, 44 MCI patients and 107 healthy controls completed a retest of the VPC task, 44 MCI patients and 43 healthy controls among them administered a MRI. At the end of 1-year follow-up, a subset of 26 individuals with MCI and 57 healthy controls were administered the long version of VPC task and MoCA test again. Eye movement parameters and the relationship of eye movement parameters with cognitive functions and with changes in neural structures were compared between groups. Results: Patients with MCI were older, had less education, and had lower scores on cognitive tests than healthy controls. After adjustment for age and level of education, patients with MCI had lower novelty preference scores on the VPC than healthy controls. Using the logistic regression model, the amount of time that subjects focused on these novel images could predict MCI patients from normal elderly with an out of sample area

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Eye Movement Parameters in an Aging Chinese Population

Nie

Qiu

Phillips

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Device-based eye tracking is widely used to quantify the gaze of an individual, much like a physician assessing eye movements at the bedside. Estimation performed by eye tracking is pertinent to various fields of medicine and clinical research including ophthalmology 10,11 , psychiatry 12 , psychology 13 , psychopharmacology 14 , and neurology [15][16][17][18] . Depending on the use case scenario, researchers may opt to deploy either wearable devices or screen based platforms to estimate eye movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Need for Calibration to Track Eye Movements: A Feasibility Study

Ameen¹,

Aldridge²,

Zhuang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Automated eye tracking technology could enhance diagnosis and treatment for many neurological diseases, including posterior circulation stroke. Much of the current literature focuses on gaze estimation through a form of calibration. Unlike other fields, medicine has a clear need to better track eye symmetry during movement for better detection of abnormal conjugacy, ductions, and vestibulo-ocular function in a variety of neurological diseases. However, patients with neuro-ocular deficits may have a difficult time completing a calibration procedure due to inattention and other associated neurologic deficits. Here, we investigate the need for calibration to measure the symmetry of eye movements in healthy individuals including testing fixations, smooth pursuits, and saccades. The results of this feasibility study suggest that calibration may not be necessary to measure and track binocular eye movements in tandem. The structure or shape which the eyes draw during visual tracking remain intact even without a calibration procedure. The preliminary study suggests that this technology can be deployed without a calibration procedure within this clinical context. Further research is needed to validate these findings in populations with neuro-ophthalmologic disease, including posterior circulation stroke.

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“…Literacy and education effects on cognitive scores due to the high linguistic demands of instructions, lack of reproducibility due to the assessor's subjectivity bias and ecological validity of some cognitive domains (e.g. social cognition) are further potential confounding factors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies suggest that eye-tracking-based cognitive assessment might ameliorate some of the existing problems as it enables a brief and quantitative evaluation of cognitive functions [2]- [4]. Eye-tracking technology provides fine-grained information regarding oculomotor information (pupil dilation and gaze) and has been used to uncover eye movement abnormalities in different dementia syndromes [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…memory, attention) [6], [7]. Recently Oyama et al [2] used it as a communication tool during cognitive assessment to collect answers from patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment that indicated their preference with their gaze while the tasks instructions were written on the screen. Although these tests capture critical aspects of task performance, they are still susceptible to the need for instructing patients on how to complete the tasks, which is prone to mistakes caused by misunderstandings, language difficulties or patients at the later stages of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmenting Dementia Cognitive Assessment With Instruction-Less Eye-Tracking Tests

Mengoudi

Ravì

Yong

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform.

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Eye-tracking technology is an innovative tool that holds promise for enhancing dementia screening. In this work, we introduce a novel way of extracting salient features directly from the raw eye-tracking data of a mixed sample of dementia patients during a novel instruction-less cognitive test. Our approach is based on self-supervised representation learning where, by training initially a deep neural network to solve a pretext task using well-defined available labels (e.g. recognising distinct cognitive activities in healthy individuals), the network encodes high-level semantic information which is useful for solving other problems of interest (e.g. dementia classification). Inspired by previous work in explainable AI, we use the Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) technique to describe our network's decisions in differentiating between the distinct cognitive activities. The extent to which eye-tracking features of dementia patients deviate from healthy behaviour is then explored, followed by a comparison between self-supervised and handcrafted representations on discriminating between participants with and without dementia. Our findings not only reveal novel self-supervised learning features that are more sensitive than handcrafted features in detecting performance differences between participants with and without dementia across a variety of tasks, but also validate that instructionless eye-tracking tests can detect oculomotor biomarkers of dementia-related cognitive dysfunction. This work highlights the contribution of self-supervised representation learning techniques in biomedical applications where the small number of patients, the non-homogenous presentations of the disease and the complexity of the setting can be a challenge using state-ofthe-art feature extraction methods.

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Novel Method for Rapid Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Using High-Performance Eye-Tracking Technology

Cited by 94 publications

References 34 publications

Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Eye Movement Parameters in an Aging Chinese Population

Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Eye Movement Parameters in an Aging Chinese Population

Investigating the Need for Calibration to Track Eye Movements: A Feasibility Study

Augmenting Dementia Cognitive Assessment With Instruction-Less Eye-Tracking Tests

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