Medicinal plants are considered new resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil extracted from Achillea fragrantissima plant growing in Egypt for antimicrobial, antiviral activities and chemical composition analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). We also performed determination of essential oil antimicrobial activity by agar desk diffusion method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Also, antiviral activity on ORF virus by pock reduction test was performed. It was reduced virus titer from 5.9 to 1.00 at 180 minutes. Detection of beta lactams resistant bacteria (Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli) by PCR with primers of mecA gene and Bela gene. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. The major components were found to be Santolina triene (1.97%), 2,5,5-trimethyl-3,6-heptadien-2-ol (8.23%) Eucalyptol 8.17, trans-2,7-Dimethyl-4,6octadien-2-ol (24.40%), 1,5-Heptadien-4-one-3,6-trimethyl (7.65%), Artemisia alcohol (3.49%), Ă Thujone (33.97%), Cissabinol (1.92%), Lavandulol (0.71%), 2-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl (2.02%), 3-Cyclohexen1ol,4-methyl1 (1 methylethyl) (CAS) (2.15%), Ă terpineol ( 0.05% ), Estragole (0.71%) Lavandulyl acetate (0.49%), Sabinyl acetate (2.12 %), Germacrened (0.94%). Finally, our study proved that the essential oil has bactericidal effect on some bacterial resistant antibiotic (Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ) as well as antiviral activity on ORF virus but it is still need further extensive studies for safety and drug interaction.
Antimicrobial, Antiviral Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Essential
IntroductionMedicinal plants still constitute one of the major source of drugs in modern as well as traditional medicine throughout the world [1,2]. Since a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining animals and human health [2,3]. The development of multidrug-resistant(MDR) bacteria takes place because of the accumulation of different antibiotic resistance mechanisms inside the same strain which able to live in the presence of antibiotics drugs so that standard treatments become ineffective [4,[14][15][16]. Although, the pharmacological companies have produced a number of new antibiotics recently, but even then microorganism resistance to antibiotics increased throughout the world [5,7]. This situation has attract attention of researchers towards herbal products for developing and improve the antibacterial drugs quality [6,7].Natural products of higher plants may possess a new source of antimicrobial agents with possibly novel mechanisms for treatment of infectious diseases [8,9]. Medicinal plants contain active principles which can be used as alternative effective herbal dru...