“…Therefore, the MCL must contain both systemic and pulmonary circulation loops. The TAH assembled within an MCL system is normally tested for performance evaluation ( Castañeda et al, 1964 ; Kito et al, 1976 ; duPlessis and Tsang, 1977 ; Shiose et al, 2010 ; Pelletier et al, 2015 ; Pelletier et al, 2016 ; Tozzi et al, 2017 ), control strategy optimization ( Wang et al, 1987 ; Nabel et al, 1990 ), malfunction evaluation ( Makino et al, 2006 ), and durability test ( Zapanta et al, 2005 ) prior to animal experiment or clinical test. In the design of the MCL targeting TAH tests, a series of achievements were formed ( Donovan, 1975 ; Minamitani et al, 1978 ; High et al, 1979 ; Imachi et al, 1992a ; Imachi et al, 1992b ; Khalil et al, 2008 ; Fukamachi et al, 2010 ).…”