Novel phosphorus-containing halogen-free ionic liquid toward fire safety epoxy resin with well-balanced comprehensive performance

Shi, Yue-Quan; Fu, Teng; Xu, Ying‐Jun; Li, Defu; Wang, Xiuli; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.023

Cited by 207 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs), comprising a cation and an anion ion, are widely used in various fields due to their high ionic conductivity, wide electric potential range, negligible volatility and low flammability [21,22]. Several works have indicated that ILs exhibit unique properties in flame retardant fields [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. For instance, Yang et al [23] synthesized a phosphorus-containing IL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Ionic Liquid Modified Metal-Organic Framework as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

Huang

Guo

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in flame retardant applications; however, strategies for fully exploiting the advantages of MOFs in order to further enhance the flame retardant performance are still in high demand. Herein, a novel MOF composite was designed through the generated cooperative role of MOF (NH2-MIL-101(Al)) and a phosphorus-nitrogen-containing ionic liquid ([DPP-NC3bim][PMO]). The ionic liquid (IL) was composed of imidazole cation modified with diphenylphosphinic group (DPP) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) anions, which can trap the degrading polymer radicals and reduce the smoke emission. The MOF acts as a porous host and can avoid the agglomeration of ionic liquid. Meanwhile, the -NH2 groups of NH2-MIL-101(Al) can increase the compatibility with epoxy resin (EP). The framework is expected to act as an efficient insulating barrier to suppress the flame spread. It was demonstrated that the MOF composite (IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al)) is able to effectively improve the fire safety of EP at low additions (3 wt. %). The LOI value of EP/IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al) increased to 29.8%. The cone calorimeter results showed a decreased heat release rate (51.2%), smoke production rate (37.8%), and CO release rate (44.8%) of EP/IL@NH2-MIL-101(Al) with respect to those of neat EP. This strategy can be extended to design other advanced materials for flame retardant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IL exerted a positive effect in increasing the flame retardant properties of PP. Shi et al [25] designed a phosphorus-containing ionic liquid ([Dmim]Tos), and the addition of 4 wt. % [Dmim]Tos in EP effectively increased the LOI value to 32.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Ionic Liquid Modified Metal-Organic Framework as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

Huang

Guo

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Among ionic liquids, dialkylimidazolium salts with phosphonate-derived anions are a new class that can dissolve cellulose under relatively mild conditions [16,17], besides, phosphorus is known to be a key element in flame retardancy. Even though phosphonate-based ILs release a high amount of heat during burning [18,19], flame retarded materials like epoxy resins [20,21], cotton fabrics [22], or thermoplastics derived from cell wall biopolymers [23] have already been prepared using such ionic liquids. Indeed, phosphorus flame retardants are especially efficient for materials rich in hydroxyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant-Functionalized Cotton Cellulose Using Phosphonate-Based Ionic Liquids

et al. 2020

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Cellulose from cotton fibers was functionalized through a dissolution–regeneration process with phosphonate-based ionic liquids (ILs): 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylphosphonate [DIMIM][(MeO)(H)PO2] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphoshonate [EMIM][(MeO)(H)PO2]. The chemical modification of cellulose occurred through a transesterification reaction between the methyl phosphonate function of ILs and the primary alcohol functions of cellulose. The resulting cellulose structure and the amount of grafted phosphorus were then investigated by X-ray diffraction, ICP-AES, and ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the IL type and initial cotton / IL ratio in the solution, regenerated cellulose contained up to 4.5% of phosphorus. The rheological behavior of cotton cellulose/ILs solutions and the microscale fire performances of modified cellulose were studied in order to ultimately prepare flame retardant cellulosic materials. Significant improvement in the flame retardancy of regenerated cellulose was obtained with a reduction of THR values down to about 5–6 kJ/g and an increase of char up to about 35 wt%.

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“…When these materials were incorporated into epoxy at a level of 5 wt%, blends that displayed a V‐0 rating were obtained . A common characteristic of highly effective flame retardants is that they all contain nitrogen rich structural units as gas resources . Considering that the aminopyrazine molecule has high nitrogen content and readily decomposes, it might serve as a useful flame retardant component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 A common characteristic of highly effective flame retardants is that they all contain nitrogen rich structural units as gas resources. 23,24 Considering that the aminopyrazine molecule has high nitrogen content and readily decomposes, it might serve as a useful flame retardant component. Therefore, it has been used to prepare a compound (DTPA) with good flame-retarding properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

Tang

Zhou

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a novel nitrogen, phosphorus and boron ionic pair compound (DTPA[AZB]), composed of a protonated flame retardant (DTPA) 6,6'‐(1,4‐phenylenebis((pyrazin‐2‐ylamino)methylene))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide) and a counter anion alizarin borate (AZB), has been prepared and fully characterized, AZB was synthesized by the reaction of alizarin with boric acid. DTPA was produced in two steps. First, terephthalaldehyde was condensed with aminopyrazine to form the corresponding imine. This was treated with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to generate DTPA. Blending with DTPA greatly reduced the flammability of epoxy resin. When the amount of DTPA added was 4%, a modified epoxy resin passed the V‐0 rating and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 32.5%. With the introduction of 3% AZB into the EP/DTPA material, the LOI reached 33.5%. Simultaneously, compared with that of neat EP, the peak heat release rate and smoke production rate for EP/DTPA‐4 was decreased by 24.1% and 40.7%, respectively, and the peak heat release rate and smoke production rate for EP/DTPA[AZB]‐3 was decreased by 32.9% and 43.4%, respectively. The results indicate that AZB and DTPA show good cooperative flame retardant effects. The flame retardancy of the modified epoxy is improved with greater heat release suppression combustion of the resin. A mode of flame retardant action has been proposed based on analysis results from Py‐GC/MS for DTPA, and SEM, IR and Raman for the residual carbon from cone calorimeter and UL‐94 tests, respectively. Importantly, the tensile strength, fexural strength, and fexural modulus of the EP/DTPA[AZB] increased compared with the same properties of neat EP.

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Novel phosphorus-containing halogen-free ionic liquid toward fire safety epoxy resin with well-balanced comprehensive performance

Cited by 207 publications

References 56 publications

Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Ionic Liquid Modified Metal-Organic Framework as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

Novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Containing Ionic Liquid Modified Metal-Organic Framework as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin

Flame Retardant-Functionalized Cotton Cellulose Using Phosphonate-Based Ionic Liquids

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

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