Novel predictive and therapeutic options for better pregnancy outcome in frozen embryo transfer cycles

Abstract

Since 1978, in the first decades of in vitro fertilization (IVF), the use of ovarian hyperstimulation allowed for the development and transfer of multiple embryos. As IVF technology improved, the number of multiple pregnancies increased, which led to gradual reduction in the number of embryos that were transferred. Embryo freezing (vitrification) was recommended to allow subsequent transfer if the fresh cycle was unsuccessful. However, experimentation has continued to improve pregnancy outcomes. We discuss here the significance of frozen embryo transfer cycle and the impact of uterine and peripheral immunity dominated by NK cells and regulatory T cells and human chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy outcome in this innovative mode of IVF therapy.

Introduction of the special issue, "Clinical reproductive immunology"

“…“Clinical reproductive immunology,” the special issue of the American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, is planned to match the clinical demand 8 and provide up‐to‐date information on the therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for reproductive immune disorders. In this volume, updated information on various immunotherapies, 9‐12 diagnostic evaluations, 13‐16 and disease‐specific immunological approaches 17‐19 for reproductive immune disorders are reviewed by world‐renowned physician‐ and laboratory‐scientists. Yet, there is no general consensus for each condition, we hope this special issue of “Clinical Reproductive Immunology” can provide up‐to‐date guidelines to the practicing physicians when dealing with reproductive immune disorders.…”