Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Pathogenicity and Virulence to Combat MDR in<i>Candida albicans</i>

Hameed, Saif; Fatima, Zeeshan

doi:10.1155/2013/240209

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Illnesses resulting from pathogens and the emergence of resistance to conventional antibiotics are vital concern in public health and demand new antimicrobial compounds [ 69 , 70 ]. Plants do not possess immune system like animals but instead synthesize phenolic compounds in response to the presence of pathogens, herbivores, and insects [ 71 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

Saibabu

Fatima

Khan

et al. 2015

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

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126

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Although modern lifestyle has eased the quality of human life, this lifestyle's related patterns have imparted negative effects on health to acquire multiple diseases. Many synthetic drugs are invented during the last millennium but most if not all of them possess several side effects and proved to be costly. Convincing evidences have established the premise that the phytotherapeutic potential of natural compounds and need of search for novel drugs from natural sources are of high priority. Phenolic acids (PAs) are a class of secondary metabolites spread throughout the plant kingdom and generally involved in plethora of cellular processes involved in plant growth and reproduction and also produced as defense mechanism to sustain various environmental stresses. Extensive research on PAs strongly suggests that consumption of these compounds hold promise to offer protection against various ailments in humans. This paper focuses on the naturally derived PAs and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds during disease conditions. Based on the available information in the literature, it is suggested that use of PAs as drugs is very promising; however more research and clinical trials are necessary before these bioactive molecules can be made for treatment. Finally this review provides greater awareness of the promise that natural PAs hold for use in the disease prevention and therapy.

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Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

Saibabu

Fatima

Khan

et al. 2015

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

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126

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“…TB is remediable; however, due to its long course of medication or mismanagement in drug regimen, it has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) against various frontline anti-TB drugs [ 1 – 3 ]. Despite reasonable documentation of major factors which contribute to MDR mechanisms, it appears unavoidable to dissect novel mechanisms combating MDR [ 4 ]. Iron deprivation represents one of the crucial environmental stress conditions that MTB encounters during infection process due to nonavailability of free iron in human host [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deprivation Affects Drug Susceptibilities of Mycobacteria Targeting Membrane Integrity

Pal

Hameed

Fatima

2015

Journal of Pathogens

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) acquired by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) through continuous deployment of antitubercular drugs warrants immediate search for novel targets and mechanisms. The ability of MTB to sense and become accustomed to changes in the host is essential for survival and confers the basis of infection. A crucial condition that MTB must surmount is iron limitation, during the establishment of infection, since iron is required by both bacteria and humans. This study focuses on how iron deprivation affects drug susceptibilities of known anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a “surrogate of MTB.” We showed that iron deprivation leads to enhanced potency of most commonly used first line anti-TB drugs that could be reverted upon iron supplementation. We explored that membrane homeostasis is disrupted upon iron deprivation as revealed by enhanced membrane permeability and hypersensitivity to membrane perturbing agent leading to increased passive diffusion of drug and TEM images showing detectable differences in cell envelope thickness. Furthermore, iron seems to be indispensable to sustain genotoxic stress suggesting its possible role in DNA repair machinery. Taken together, we for the first time established a link between cellular iron and drug susceptibility of mycobacteria suggesting iron as novel determinant to combat MDR.

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“…from critical illness) and the competing bacterial flora are eliminated (e.g. from broad-spectrum antibiotic use)234.…”

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confidence: 99%

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

Sun

Zhi

Shakoor

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in Caenorhabditis elegans is still largely unclear. Using small RNA SOLiD deep sequencing technique, we profiled the miRNAs that were dysregulated by C. albicans infection. We identified 16 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 4 miRNAs that were down-regulated in nematodes infected with C. albicans. Bioinformatics analysis implied that these dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the control of many important biological processes. Using available mutants, we observed that mir-251 and mir-252 loss-of-function mutants were resistant to C. albicans infection, whereas mir-360 mutants were hypersensitive to C. albicans infection. The expression pattern of antimicrobial genes suggested that mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 played crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Fungal burden might be closely associated with altered lifespan and innate immune response in mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 mutants. Moreover, mir-251 and mir-252 might function downstream of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or IGF-1/insulin-like pathway to regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Our results provide an important molecular basis for further elucidating how miRNA-mRNA networks may control the innate immune response to C. albicans infection.

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Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Pathogenicity and Virulence to Combat MDR inCandida albicans

Cited by 20 publications

References 122 publications

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

Iron Deprivation Affects Drug Susceptibilities of Mycobacteria Targeting Membrane Integrity

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans

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