Novel Screen-Printed Sensor with Chemically Deposited Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode: Preparation, Characterization, and Application

Abstract

New screen-printed sensor with a boron-doped diamond working electrode (SP/BDDE) was fabricated using a large-area linear antenna microwave chemical deposition vapor system (LA-MWCVD) with a novel precursor composition. It combines the advantages of disposable printed sensors, such as tailored design, low cost, and easy mass production, with excellent electrochemical properties of BDDE, including a wide available potential window, low background currents, chemical resistance, and resistance to passivation. The newly prepared SP/BDDEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using inner sphere ([Fe(CN)6]4−/3−) and outer sphere ([Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+) redox probes. Moreover, the applicability of these new sensors was verified by analysis of the anti-inflammatory drug lornx`oxicam in model and pharmaceutical samples. Using optimized differential pulse voltammetry in Britton–Robinson buffer of pH 3, detection limits for lornoxicam were 9 × 10−8 mol L−1. The oxidation mechanism of lornoxicam was investigated using bulk electrolysis and online electrochemical cell with mass spectrometry; nine distinct reaction steps and corresponding products and intermediates were identified.

Validation of methods for the determination of medicinal substances using the example of voltamperometrical determination of atropine in eye drops and solutions for injections

“…A highly boron-doped BDDE with a diameter electrode of 2 mm was applied as a working electrode. The detailed characteristics of the electrode are given in [31,[33][34]. At the beginning of every work day, the surface of BDD electrode was rinsed with highly purified double-distilled water and anodically pretreatment at + 2.0 В in 0.5 М H 2 SO 4 for 120 seconds to clean its surface followed by cathodic pretreated by applying -2.0 В for 120 seconds.…”

Application of Screen Printed Diamond Electrode, Coupled with “Point-of-Care” Platform, for Nanomolar Quantification of Phytonutrient Pterostilbene in Dietary Supplements: An Experimental Study Supported by Theory

“…The application of BDD electrodes in electroanalytical determination is depicted in several review articles [29,30]. Screen-printed diamond electrodes (SPDE) are commonly prepared directly on a silicon wafer substrate using chemical vapor deposition, yet this technique is expensive, and as such, not suitable for the large-scale production of this type of sensor [31,32]. An alternative method of fabrication for disposable SPDEs involves the use of BDD powder ink, unconducive organic binder, and inexpensive carriers [31].…”