Novel surfaces and osseointegration in implant dentistry

Abstract

Survival, differentiation capability, and activity of cells are strictly related to structural features and the composition of the extracellular matrix, and its variation affects tissue homeostasis. Placement of a dental implant in bone tissue activates a sequence of molecular and cellular events that lead to the apposition of newly-formed bone directly onto the titanium surface. Due to implant's interaction with the mineralized tissue, osseointegration is affected by the surface structure of the implanted material.Surface nanotopography and microtopography can modify the shape and activity of mesenchymal stem cells leading to a higher differentiation rate of these cells into osteogenic lineage with the upregulation of osteoblastic genes. Several approaches for implant surface modification are currently under investigation or have been recently proposed to improve osseointegration. Most surface treatments are aimed at the formation of a thick layer of titanium oxide, at the alteration of surface chemical composition by incorporating bioactive molecules and drugs, and at the creation of a surface topography that is more attractive for osteoblast differentiation, adhesion, and osteogenic activity. Data on the cellular-substrate interaction, as well as in vivo studies assessing the response to these novel surfaces, are reviewed in the present study.The application of modern surfaces in dental clinical practice might increase and accelerate implant osseointegration, but could also reduce the occurrence of periimplant bone loss and favor the re-osseointegration of an affected surface. K E Y W O R D Simplant surface, mesenchymal stem cells, nanotopography, osseointegration, surface roughness, titanium implants

Can changes in implant macrogeometry accelerate the osseointegration process?: An in vivo experimental biomechanical and histological evaluations

“…Several studies had proposed that the morphological alterations on the implant surface characteristics can improving and accelerating the osseointegration process (healing of bone around the implant) [7][8][9][10]. Thus, the present study had the aim of evaluated both implant models (regular and new implant mcrogeometry) with the same surface treatment, to verify the importance of this factor (the macrogeometry) in the early time period of osseointegration.…”

“…In this sense, alterations in the micro-and macrogeometry of the implant design are presented [6][7][8]. New surface treatments (micro topography), changing the physical and/or chemical characteristics [6,9,10], and new macrogeometries changing the implant design [11][12][13], are created by the researchers and, posteriorly, manufactured by the industry. These changes have resulted in better biological performance, as demonstrated in previous preclinical studies [14][15][16].…”

New Implant Macrogeometry to Improve and Accelerate the Osseointegration: An In Vivo Experimental Study

“…Several investigations to improve or accelerate the process of osseointegration have been studied, as well worked on to elaborate new treatments for the surface of the implants (micro topography) with different physical and chemical characteristics [5][6][7][8][9]. These modifications have shown good results, mainly in pre-clinical studies, as reported in the literature [10][11][12][13].…”

Effect of anodized zirconium implants on early osseointegration process in adult rats: a histological and histomorphometric study

“…A promising osseointegration of bone implants is essential for safe implant functionality and the prevention of implant failure in future (Cooper 1998(Cooper , 2000. It is well-known that implant surface plays a key role in the rate and in the success of implant osseointegration process (Cooper 1998;Nanci et al 1998;Isa et al 2006;Totea et al 2014;Pellegrini et al 2018). Surface characteristics such as chemistry (Meirelles et al 2008), roughness (Deligianni et al 2001), wettability (Lampin et al 1997) and surface energy (Biggs et al 2007) are some of the most critical factors that affect cell and tissue-materials interaction (Das et al 2009).…”