Novel thermal efficiency-based model for determination of thermal conductivity of membrane distillation membranes

Vanneste, Johan; Bush, John; Hickenbottom, Kerri L.; Marks, Christopher A.; Jassby, David; Turchi, Craig; Cath, Tzahi Y.

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.028

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is believed to be associated with the faster evolution of convective heat transfer than conductive heat transfer. Moreover, the hydrophobic nanowood membrane demonstrated a good thermal efficiency of up to 71 ± 2% at 60°C, representing one of the highest values achieved in MD so far ( 22 ). In contrast, the hydrophobic natural wood membrane had a very limited thermal efficiency of 12 ± 2%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Impressively, the removal of intermixed lignin and hemicellulose contributed to ~70% mass loss in the wood structure and, thus, further improved the porosity more than four times from 21 ± 3 to 89 ± 3% for the hydrophobic nanowood membrane. Note that the porosity of the hydrophobic nanowood membrane was also larger than that of commercial membranes, of which the porosity ranged from 41 to 85% (Table 1) ( 10 , 15 , 22 , 25 , 28 ). In addition to porosity augmentation, the removal of lignin and hemicellulose greatly shifted the PSD to the right (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The thermal efficiency is a performance parameter in determining the energy efficiency ( 10 , 22 ). Thermal efficiency can indicate how effectively the membrane uses thermal gradient for vapor transfer as compared to conductive heat loss ( 22 ). A higher thermal efficiency results from higher convective heat transfer and/or less conductive heat transfer through the membrane material ( 10 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The good thermal efficiency of the hydrophobic nanowood membrane was ascribed not only to its super low thermal conductivity (0.080 versus 0.30 ± 0.02 W m −1 K −1 for natural wood membrane at 60°C) but also to its high porosity (89 ± 3% versus 21 ± 3%) and bigger pore size (0.28 ± 0.03 μm versus 0.18 ± 0.02 μm). The low membrane thermal conductivity reduced the conductive heat transfer through a membrane material, while the high porosity and bigger pore size reduced water transfer resistance, thereby enhancing water flux and convective heat transfer ( 10 , 21 , 22 ). The superior thermal insulation property prevented conductive heat loss and offset the limitation of low water flux and convective heat transfer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each temperature set was operated for 30 min. The experimental thermal conductivity and intrinsic permeability were calculated according to a modified Schofield method (section S14) ( 22 ). The transport mechanism and theoretical permeability of water vapor through the membrane (section S15) were simulated using the widely adopted “dusty gas model,” which considered viscous diffusion, ordinary molecular diffusion, and Knudsen diffusion ( 23 , 24 , 57 , 58 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic nanostructured wood membrane for thermally efficient distillation

Hou

Chen

et al. 2019

Sci. Adv.

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Current membrane distillation (MD) is challenged by the inefficiency of water thermal separation from dissolved solutes, controlled by membrane porosity and thermal conductivity. Existing petroleum-derived polymeric membranes face major development barriers. Here, we demonstrate a first robust MD membrane directly fabricated from sustainable wood material. The hydrophobic nanowood membrane had high porosity (89 ± 3%) and hierarchical pore structure with a wide pore size distribution of crystalline cellulose nanofibrils and xylem vessels and lumina (channels) that facilitate water vapor transportation. The thermal conductivity was extremely low in the transverse direction, which reduces conductive heat transport. However, high thermal conductivity along the fiber enables efficient thermal dissipation along the axial direction. As a result, the membrane demonstrated excellent intrinsic vapor permeability (1.44 ± 0.09 kg m−1 K−1 s−1 Pa−1) and thermal efficiency (~70% at 60°C). The properties of thermal efficiency, water flux, scalability, and sustainability make nanowood highly desirable for MD applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic nanostructured wood membrane for thermally efficient distillation

Hou

Chen

et al. 2019

Sci. Adv.

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Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Kumar

Jyske

Petrič

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

101

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performance environmentally friendly materials. This is because new processes will be required that allow control on all hierarchical levels. Wood is well defined as a biological engineering material with a complex hierarchical structure of organic material based on cellulose fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. [1,2] Wood has long been used as a construction material, as well as for pulp and paper production. These applications are highly dependent on the properties of lignin in wood. Removal of lignin is the key step in pulp and paper production, in addition to the conversion of biomass to liquid biofuels. Lignin was first discovered in wood by Anselme Payen in 1839, [3] as the incrusting material that must be removed to isolate the useful fibers in wood. Research pertaining to wood nanotechnology or functional wood materials is a rapidly emerging field. Functional wood materials are mostly fabricated by treating hierarchical natural templates (wood cell wall) by chemical and thermal means. These treatments selectively modify the wood cell wall structure (fine pore spaces and inner lumen surface area) for different applications. [4] The pore region and inner lumen surface have actively been modified to enhance the bulk properties of wood using organic chemicals, [5] inorganic chemicals, organic-inorganic chemicals, [6,7] and thermal methods. [8] Hybrid wood scaffolds have been prepared for diverse applications such as magnetic wood, [9,10] as well as wood-mineral and wood-metal hybrids. [11] Recent research on delignified wood (DW) has emerged from the classical pulp production method. In the preparation of DW, the embedded lignin is removed from the wood cell wall structure, while maintaining the natural hierarchical cellulosic structure. [12] Initially, DW was prepared in order to understand the unknown ultrastructure of wood cell walls. However, since 2015, research in this area has rapidly expanded to focus on the development of wood-based functional scaffolds. Within the literature, DW is predominantly prepared using alkaline delignification methods such as Kraft pulping (a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 )) heated to boiling temperature), followed by bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to remove the lignin. DW is chemically hydrophilic due to the presence and exposure of hydroxyl groups and possible sites for DW functionalization. DW scaffolds have been functionalized

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Enhanced recovery using membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems

John,

Gopikumar,

et al. 2023

Concept of Zero Liquid Discharge

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Novel thermal efficiency-based model for determination of thermal conductivity of membrane distillation membranes

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Hydrophobic nanostructured wood membrane for thermally efficient distillation

Hydrophobic nanostructured wood membrane for thermally efficient distillation

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Enhanced recovery using membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems

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