Novel tricalcium silicate/monocalcium phosphate monohydrate composite bone cement

Abstract

In this paper, we obtained a novel bone cement composed of tricalcium silicate (Ca(3)SiO(5); C(3)S) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM). The weight ratio of MCPM in the cement is 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The initial setting time was dramatically reduced from 90 min to 30 min as the content of MCPM reached 20%. The workable paste with a liquid/powder (L/P) ratio of 0.8 mL/g could be injected for 2-20 min (nozzle diameter 2.0 mm). The pH variation of the composite cement in simulated body environment was obviously lowered. The compressive strength of the composite cement after setting for 4-28 days was slightly lower than that of the tricalcium silicate paste. The in vitro bioactivity was investigated by soaking in simulated body fluid for 7 days. The result showed that the novel bone cement had good bioactivity and could degrade in tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-hydrochloric-acid (Tris-HCl) solution. Our result indicated that the Ca(3)SiO(5)/MCPM paste had good hydraulic properties, bioactivity, and degradability. The novel bone cement could be a potential candidate as bone substitute.

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

“…The ability to be molded in place also is a very important property because these formulations can easily be delivered into the desired place and can be fitted perfectly with bone defects [103]. Besides, some formulations were found to possess an antimicrobial activity [56,59,61,68,473], as well as promote osteoblast cell adhesion and gene expression in vitro [474].…”

“…The list of possible additives includes (but is not limited to) the following cations: Na [29]. Therefore, mixed-type self-setting formulations consisting of calcium orthophosphates and other calcium salts (e.g., calcium sulfates [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], calcium pyrophosphate [48][49][50], calcium polyphosphates [51,52], calcium carbonates [33,[53][54][55], calcium oxide [56][57][58][59][60][61], calcium hydroxide [62][63][64], calcium aluminate [26,65,66], calcium silicates [67][68][69][70][71], etc. ), strontium orthophosphate [72][73][74], magnesium orthophosphate [74][75][76][77][78], magnesium oxide [79], Zn-containing compounds [80], as well as cements ...…”

Synthesis, Properties and Hydration Characteristics of Novel Nano-Size Mineral Trioxide and Tetracalcium Phosphate for Dental Applications

“…More recently dental materials based on tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) have been developed and synthesized in the laboratory from highly pure raw materials unlike the portland cement in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) 16 -20 .C 3 S has been used with and without additives as bone cement 21,22 and as a posterior restorative material 23 . It was stated that the pure C 3 S has good bioactivity 24 , the ability to be coated with HA 25,26 and maintenance of the bonebiomaterial interface once implanted 27 .…”

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

“…The ability to be molded in place also is a very important property because these formulations can easily be delivered into the desired place and can be fitted perfectly with bone defects [127]. Besides, some formulations were found to possess an antimicrobial activity [72,75,77,84,541], as well as promote osteoblast cell adhesion and gene expression in vitro [542].…”

“…The list of possible additives includes (but is not limited to) the following cations: Na [46]. Therefore, mixed-type self-setting formulations consisting of calcium orthophosphates and other calcium salts, such as calcium sulfate [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63], calcium pyrophosphate [64][65][66], calcium polyphosphates [67,68], calcium carbonates [16,26,28,30,50,[69][70][71], calcium oxide [72][73][74][75][76][77], calcium hydroxide [78][79][80], calcium aluminates [43,81,82], calcium silicates [83][84][85][86][87][88][89], etc., are available. In addition, other chemicals such as Sr-containing compounds [19,[90][91][92]…”