NREM Sleep Instability in Pediatric Migraine Without Aura

Abstract

Children with migraine headaches appear to have a range of sleep disturbances. The aim of the present study was to assess the NREM sleep instability in a population of school-aged individuals affected by migraine without aura (MoA). Thirty-three children with MoA (20 males, 13 females, mean age 10.45 ± 2.06 years) underwent to overnight Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) analyses accordingly with international criteria. MoA group showed a reduction in sleep duration parameters (TIB, SPT, TST; p ≤ 0.001 for all) and in arousal index during REM sleep and an increase in awakenings per hour (AWK/h) vs. Controls (C) (p = 0.008). In particular, MoA children showed a reduced CAP rate% (p ≤ 0.001), CAP rate% in S1 (p ≤ 0.001) and CAP rate% in SWS (p = 0.004) vs. C. Moreover, A phases distribution were characterized by a reduction in slow wave components (total number CAP A1%, CAP A1 index) (p ≤ 0.001) and an increase of fast components representation (total number of CAP A2% and CAP A3%) (p < 0.001) in MoA vs. C. Moreover, MoA children showed an increased A1 and A2 mean duration (p ≤ 0.001). Our findings show a reduction of arousability in MoA group and lower NREM lower sleep instability associated with MoA in children.

Neuropeptides’ Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep Control in Children Affected by Functional Non-Retentive Fecal Incontinence

“…The Barrington's nuclear neurons have also synaptic contacts with the distal colon [35] and this could suggest that these systems may function in a reciprocal way as evidenced by co-activation of bowel and bladder during stressful conditions [36]. In addition, the Barrington's nuclear neurons projecting to the spinal cord also project to the locus coeruleus (LC) [37][38][39] that projecting to the forebrain, tend to play a key role in activating and maintaining excitement in response to stimuli [38,40]. LC neurons are mainly triggered by visceral stimuli such as bladder and colon distension [41][42][43].…”

Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Orexinergic System, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and ROS Production

“…As a metabolically active organ, VAT communicates with other central and peripheral organs by synthesizing and secreting a number of molecules, generally referred to as adipokines, directly linked to metabolic homeostasis, which highlights the central role of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis regulation [7,8]. Obesity is also characterized by an imbalance in the neurochemical pathways, particularly orexin-A/hypocretin-1 (ORX1) synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of appetite, metabolic rate, energy expenditure, social development, and pain and sleep regulation [9][10][11][12]. Orexin-A is also involved in the regulation of inflammatory response, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent [13].…”

Subjective sleep quality and objective sleep physiology in migraineurs: a meta-analysis

“…There were no participants <18 years of age in the PSQI analysis or the MIDAS and PSQI correlational analysis due to a lack of available data. Eleven studies measured PSG in adults [15][16][17][18][19][20] and children [21][22][23][24][25] , with and without migraine. One study 16 compared migraineurs PSG in the pre-, mid-and post-ictal phase, and thus it was not appropriate to extract a single value for this data.…”