Nuclear Abnormalities in Aspirated Thyroid Cells and Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes of Residents Near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

Takeichi, Nobuo; Hoshi, Masaharu; Iida, Shozo; Tanaka, Kimio; Harada, Yuka; Zhumadilov, Zhaxybay; Chaizhunusova, Nailya; Апсаликов, Казбек Н.; Noso, Yoshihiro; Inaba, Toshiya; Tanaka, Kenichi; Endo, Satoru

doi:10.1269/jrr.47.a171

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thyrocytes with giant internuclear bridges may therefore be candidates for the role of specific markers of radiation effects on the thyroid gland, the search for which continues (Tuttle and Becker 2000; Achille et al 2009; Takeichi et al 2006; Zotti-Martelli et al 1999). Further study of the retrospectively detected cellular phenomena in cytological smears obtained after fine needle biopsies of the thyroid gland among people who were exposed in the first months following the Chernobyl accident is of importance to extend understanding of long-term irradiation consequences in the human organism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyopathological traits of thyrocytes and exposure to radioiodines in Belarusian children and adolescents following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Надыров

Рожко

Kravtsov

et al. 2012

Radiat Environ Biophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Belarus-American (BelAm) Thyroid Study cohort consists of persons 0–18 years of age at the time of exposure to radioiodines from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident who have undergone serial thyroid screenings with referral for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) using standardized criteria. We investigated thyrocyte nuclear abnormalities in cytological samples from FNABs in 50 BelAm subjects with thyroid nodules and 43 control patients from Leningrad, Russia, unexposed to Chernobyl fallout. Nuclear abnormalities such as internuclear chromosome bridges and derivative nuclei with broken bridges (i.e., “tailed” nuclei), formed from dicentric and ring chromosomes, may be cellular markers of radiation exposure. In the exposed BelAm cohort, thyrocytes with bridges were present in 80% of subjects with single-nodular goiters compared with 27% of unexposed controls. The average frequency of thyrocytes with bridges was also significantly higher in the BelAm subjects than in controls as was the mean frequency of thyrocytes with tailed nuclei. In the case of multi-nodular goiters, thyrocytes with bridges were present in 75.0% of exposed BelAm patients compared with 16.7% of unexposed controls. Thyrocytes with tailed nuclei were observed in all of the BelAm subjects but in only 35% of controls, and the mean frequency of tailed nuclei was significantly higher. Unusually long bridges were detected in 29% of BelAm patients with single-nodular goiters and 35% of cases with multi-nodular goiters, while no such abnormalities were observed in the follicular thyroid epithelium of patients from the Leningrad region. Further study is needed to understand whether these phenomena represent irradiation consequences in the human organism.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyopathological traits of thyrocytes and exposure to radioiodines in Belarusian children and adolescents following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Надыров

Рожко

Kravtsov

et al. 2012

Radiat Environ Biophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since 2018, Kazakhstan has been a member of the ARADOS (Asian Network of Biological Dosimetry) network [ 18 ], which is a platform for radiation dosimetry research among Asian countries. In addition, Kazakhstan has participated in many epidemiological studies using biological dosimetry techniques such as dicentrics, FISH translocations and physical dosimetry methods [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] as well as research on the biological effects of radiation on the human body, which further confirms the importance of research in this direction [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Background Level of Unstable Chromosome Aberrations in the Kazakhstan Population: A Human Biomonitoring Study

Kenzhina

Mamyrbayeva

Лукашенко

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kazakhstan is known as a country with a complex radioecological situation resulting from different sources such as a natural radiation background, extensive activities of the industrial system of the former Soviet Union and a well-known testing of nuclear power weapons occurred in the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) area. The present study focuses on the assessment of the background of dicentric chromosomes in Kazakhstan’s population, which is the starting point in the dose assessment of irradiated people, since the baseline level of spontaneous dicentrics can vary significantly in different populations. In this context, aiming to determine the background frequency of chromosome aberrations in the population of Kazakhstan, considering the heterogeneity of natural radiation background levels of its large territory, a selection of 40 control subjects living in four cities of North, South, West and East Kazakhstan was performed. The cytogenetic study on the selected groups showed fairly low background frequency values of chromosome aberrations (0.84 ± 0.83 per 1000 cells), comparable with other data in the literature on general populations, reporting background frequency values between 0.54 and 2.99 per 1000 cells. The obtained results should be taken into account when constructing the dose–effect calibration curve used in cytogenetic biodosimetry, as a “zero” dose point, which will reduce the uncertainty in quantifying the individual absorbed dose in emergency radiological situations.

show abstract

“…In the first four decades of nuclear testing direct individual measurements of the radiation burden to the members of the overexposed population were not carried out either by bioassay or external retrospective dosimetry assays. The studies by biological methods (Ilyinskikh et al 1997 , 1998 ; Tanaka et al 2000 , 2006 ; Testa et al 2001 ; Stephan et al 2001 ; Salomaa et al 2002 ; Chaizhunusova et al 2006 ; Takeichi et al 2006 ) or EPR or TL retrospective dosimetry (Ivannikov et al 2006 ; Stepanenko et al 2006 , 2007 ; Zhumadilov et al 2006 , 2013 ; Sholom et al 2007 ) were not made until the 1990s. Published reports in English language literature are available only after 1995.…”

Section: Scenarios Involving Incorporation Of Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several biological dosimetry studies with the conventional cytogenetic techniques (by unstable chromosome aberrations: DC and MN assays) were performed about five decades after the beginning of the nuclear tests in 1949. These studies suggested that the current increased levels of unstable-type chromosome aberrations in the inhabitants of the most contaminated areas were mainly due to internal exposure (Tanaka et al 2000 , 2006 ; Testa et al 2001 ; Takeichi et al 2006 ) but these methods were not appropriate for long-term individual retrospective dose assessment.…”

Section: Scenarios Involving Incorporation Of Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications

Giussani

López

Romm

et al. 2020

Radiat Environ Biophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents an overview of the applications of retrospective dosimetry techniques in case of incorporation of radionuclides. The fact that internal exposures are characterized by a spatially inhomogeneous irradiation of the body, which is potentially prolonged over large periods and variable over time, is particularly problematic for biological and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry methods when compared with external exposures. The paper gives initially specific information about internal dosimetry methods, the most common cytogenetic techniques used in biological dosimetry and EPR dosimetry applied to tooth enamel. Based on real-case scenarios, dose estimates obtained from bioassay data as well as with biological and/or EPR dosimetry are compared and critically discussed. In most of the scenarios presented, concomitant external exposures were responsible for the greater portion of the received dose. As no assay is available which can discriminate between radiation of different types and different LETs on the basis of the type of damage induced, it is not possible to infer from these studies specific conclusions valid for incorporated radionuclides alone. The biological dosimetry assays and EPR techniques proved to be most applicable in cases when the radionuclides are almost homogeneously distributed in the body. No compelling evidence was obtained in other cases of extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Retrospective dosimetry needs to be optimized and further developed in order to be able to deal with real exposure cases, where a mixture of both external and internal exposures will be encountered most of the times.

show abstract

Nuclear Abnormalities in Aspirated Thyroid Cells and Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes of Residents Near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Karyopathological traits of thyrocytes and exposure to radioiodines in Belarusian children and adolescents following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Karyopathological traits of thyrocytes and exposure to radioiodines in Belarusian children and adolescents following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Background Level of Unstable Chromosome Aberrations in the Kazakhstan Population: A Human Biomonitoring Study

Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About