Nuclear and Cellular Abnormalities of Erythrocytes in Response to Thermal Stress in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Abstract

As a consequence of global warming, increase of water temperature is likely to alter physiological functions of fish. Hence, we examined the effects of high temperature on blood glucose, hematological parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC)], and nuclear and cellular structure of blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after exposure to three temperature regimes (27, 31, and 35 • C) for 14 days. Fish were sacrificed on 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. The blood glucose level increased significantly in the fish exposed to 35 • C compared to 27 and 31 • C. The Hb and RBC contents decreased but WBC increased significantly in the blood of fish exposed to 35 • C compared to 27 and 31 • C at 7 and 14 days of exposure. Consequently, the frequencies of erythroblasts (Ebs), erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) were found to be increased in the blood of fish exposed to 35 • C compared to 27 and 31 • C. There was a significant increase in neutrophils and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest temperature (35 • C). With increasing temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased but free CO 2 increased significantly during the study period. The present study demonstrated that common carp are better adapted to 27 and 31 • C environmental temperatures, while the higher temperature 35 • C is likely stressful to this fish species.

Elevated temperature affects growth and hemato‐biochemical parameters, inducing morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes in Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

“…The substantial rise in WBC content at the acclimation temperature of (37°C) recorded in the present study suggests increased antibody production to mediate adaptation to stressed conditions (Shahjahan et al., 2018). High temperature increased leucocyte counts in the crucian carp (Sikorska et al., 2018), and common carp (Shahjahan et al., 2020) is good agreement with our results.…”

The antioxidant responses of gills, intestines and livers and blood immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to salinity and temperature stressors

“…There is a strong relationship between oxidative stress and suppressed immunity in aquatic animals (Paray et al, 2021). The accumulation of ROS induced by hypersalinity and thermal stressors causes dysfunction in the immune cells, leading to immunosuppression and a high possibility of infection from invaders (Shahjahan et al, 2020). Lysozyme activity is involved in the destruction of cell walls of harmful bacteria (Magnadóttir, 2006), but severe stressors, including hypersalinity and heat stress, act to lower lysozyme activity (Simide et al, 2016).…”

Mercuric Chloride induced Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, Haematological Changes and Histopathological Alterations in Fish Channa Punctatus (Bloch, 1793).

“…Micronuclei frequencies were estimated by following methods of Kumar, 2012;Schmid, 1975 and methodologies practised earlier in our laboratory (Awasthi et al, 2018;Yadav & Trivedi, 2009a). Nuclear abnormalities were identi ed according to (Anbumani & Mohankumar, 2011;Shahjahan et al, 2020).…”

“…DNA damage can best be shown by MN induction and, thus, it can be use e ciently to have sight of genotoxicity. Some studies have also mentioned, in addition to MN, the presence of other nuclear abnormalities, such as blebbed, lobed, binucleated, and notched nuclei, indicating that these abnormalities need to be seen similar to MN induction, and, thus, must be considered as potential indicators of genotoxicity (Abara et al, 2016;Anbumani & Mohankumar, 2011;Ansari et al, 2009;Çavaş & Ergene-Gözükara, 2005a;Nirchio et al, 2019;Shahjahan et al, 2020). The hematological parameters viz., RBC count, WBC count and Hb% have been used as potential indicator of stress induced by various pollutants in sh (Ates et al, 2008;Bujjamma & Padmavathi, 2018;Kumar et al, 2011).…”