Nuclear cataract and myopia during hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Palmquist, B. M.; Philipson, Bo; Barr, P. O.

doi:10.1136/bjo.68.2.113

Cited by 244 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Treatment of guinea pigs with HBO has been shown to produce a two-fold increase in lens focal length viability, compared to age-matched controls (Bantseev et al, 2004). The results help to explain the observed induction of nuclear cataracts in human patients treated with HBO (Palmquist et al, 1984), and may also be relevant to the development of maturity-onset and vitrectomy-induced human nuclear cataracts since these types of cataracts are also thought to be caused by O 2 (Dische and Zil, 1951;Holekamp et al, 2005;Ogura et al, 1991). The level of increase of -SS-in the lens nucleus of O 2 -treated guinea pigs, compared to age-matched controls, was found to be more than two-fold (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Raman spectroscopic evidence for nuclear disulfide in isolated lenses of hyperbaric oxygen-treated guinea pigs

Gosselin

Kapustij

Venkateswaran

et al. 2007

Experimental Eye Research

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Our laboratory treats guinea pigs with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) as a model for investigating the formation of nuclear cataract. Previous analyses of lens supernatants using this model have shown an increase in disulfide (-SS-) and loss of sulfhydryl (-SH) in the lens nucleus of O 2 -treated animals. In this paper, we have used the non-invasive technique of Raman spectroscopy to confirm these findings in intact, freshly-excised lenses. Guinea pigs were treated 3 times per week with HBO for a total of 50 (4 months of treatment) or 85 (7 months of treatment) times to induce an increased level of lens nuclear light scattering. Intact lenses were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy using a 514.5 nm laser and collecting the scattered light in a 90° geometry. The laser beam was focused either in the lens nucleus or equatorial cortex. Changes in the levels of -SS-(503 cm −1 ) and -SH (2577 cm −1 ) vibrations were measured. Raman spectra were analyzed by fitting Lorentzian profiles to the observed data in the -SS-and -SH regions. -SS-levels in the O 2 -treated nucleus were found to have increased by a factor of 2.1 (p=0.0001) and 2.5 (p=0.001) after 50 and 85 HBO treatments, respectively, compared to age-matched controls. Based on previous biochemical analyses, the -SSincrease was due mainly to the formation of protein disulfide (PSSP) with contribution also from protein/thiol mixed disulfides, but not from oxidized glutathione. -SH levels in the O 2 -treated nucleus decreased by 13% (p=0.007) and 35% (p=0.001) after 50 and 85 HBO treatments, respectively, compared to age-matched controls. No significant increase in -SS-or loss of -SH was observed in the lens cortex of the O 2 -treated guinea pigs. The Raman spectroscopy results rule out the possibility that artifactual production of -SS-and loss of -SH occurred during homogenization of lenses in previous studies. The data provide additional evidence to support a link between O 2 , disulfidecrosslinking of lens crystallins in the nucleus, and nuclear cataract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…4A), would have been due entirely to PSSP formation. This finding links increased PSSP with the increase in lens nuclear light scattering that is observed as the number of HBO treatments increases (Borchman et al, 2000;Palmquist et al, 1984). The 2.5-fold increase in lens nuclear -SS-at 85 HBO-treatments (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Raman spectroscopic evidence for nuclear disulfide in isolated lenses of hyperbaric oxygen-treated guinea pigs

Gosselin

Kapustij

Venkateswaran

et al. 2007

Experimental Eye Research

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“…An oxidative damage to the lens proteins may also cause the formation of large and dense molecular aggregates inducing a reversible lens myopia and nuclear cataract. 10 The rapid development of nuclear cataract in patients under hyperbaric oxygen treatment strongly supports the oxidative theory of nuclear cataract formation. Nutrition deficiencies 11 and ultraviolet radiation 12 had been reported predisposing to cataract development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Relation between the axial length and lenticular progressive myopia

Lin

Chang

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the possible risk factors associated with lenticular progressive myopia and to compare the differences between patients with lenticular progressive myopias and senile cataracts. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases that had been diagnosed as lenticular progressive myopia with a discrete nuclear sclerotic cataract and progressive myopic changes in one hospital from January 1998 to February 2003. A total of 47 eyes of 35 patients were enrolled in this study. In all, 32 eyes of 29 cases of common senile cataract receiving cataract extraction surgery during the study period were randomly chosen (every four cases in time sequence within a 2-month period by two ophthalmologists' clinic in 2002) as the control group. We compared the preoperative refraction status, keratometry (K-values) and axial lengths between these two groups. The possible ocular or systemic associating diseases were also investigated in the study group. Results In the lenticular progressive myopia group, the mean age at surgery (52.979.2 years) is younger than that in the senile cataract group (68.177.3 years). The mean axial length in the study group (25.6871.93 mm) is statistically significant longer than that in the control group (22.9770.83 mm) (Po0.0001). Besides, patients with lenticular progressive myopia had significantly lower mean K-values (43.2571.42 diopters) than patients with senile cataracts (44.2571.28 diopters) (Po0.01). There were no other ocular or systemic diseases closely associated with lenticular progressive myopia. Conclusions Patients with nuclear cataract combined with lenticular progressive myopia have longer axial length than patients with senile cataract. The longer axial length may be one of the important risk factors predisposing to lenticular progressive myopia.

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“…Evidence for the sensitivity of the older human lens to oxygen-induced damage was directly demonstrated in a study of patients treated with long-term hyperbaric oxygen therapy [12]. Patients with severe atherosclerosis often develop leg ulcers, owing to poor blood supply to their peripheral tissues.…”

Section: Oxygen Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitreoretinal influences on lens function and cataract

Beebe

Holekamp

Siegfried

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The lens is composed of a thin metabolically active outer layer, consisting of epithelial and superficial fibre cells. Lying within this outer shell are terminally differentiated, metabolically inactive fibre cells, which are divided into an outer cortex and central nucleus. Mature fibre cells contain a very high protein concentration, which is important for the transparency and refractive power of the lens. These proteins are protected from oxidation by reducing substances, like glutathione, and by the low-oxygen environment around the lens. Glutathione reaches the mature fibre cells by diffusing from the metabolically active cells at the lens surface. With age, the cytoplasm of the nucleus becomes stiffer, reducing the rate of diffusion and making nuclear proteins more susceptible to oxidation. Low pO 2 is maintained at the posterior surface of the lens by the physical and physiological properties of the vitreous body, the gel filling the space between the lens and the retina. Destruction or degeneration of the vitreous body increases exposure of the lens to oxygen from the retina. Oxygen reaches the lens nucleus, increasing protein oxidation and aggregation and leading to nuclear cataract. We suggest that maintaining low pO 2 around the lens should prevent the formation of nuclear cataracts.

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Nuclear cataract and myopia during hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Cited by 244 publications

References 5 publications

Raman spectroscopic evidence for nuclear disulfide in isolated lenses of hyperbaric oxygen-treated guinea pigs

Raman spectroscopic evidence for nuclear disulfide in isolated lenses of hyperbaric oxygen-treated guinea pigs

Relation between the axial length and lenticular progressive myopia

Vitreoretinal influences on lens function and cataract

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