Nuclear spin catalysis in biochemical physics

Koltover, Vitaly K.

doi:10.1007/s11172-021-3264-6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been shown that using different isotopes of the element in certain chemical reactions results in different outcomes. Such observations have been seen in many chemical reactions [356][357][358][359][360][361][362][363] including biological processes [45,[364][365][366][367][368]. Inheriting quantum properties, not only do different isotopes of an element have different masses, but they can also have different spins.…”

Section: Isotope Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, the term 'magnetic isotope effect' was dubbed for such phenomena as they are controlled by electronnuclear hyperfine coupling in the paramagnetic species. Moreover, isotope effects have been observed for a great variety of chemical and biochemical reactions involving oxygen, silicon, sulfur, germanium, tin, mercury, magnesium, calcium, zinc and uranium [65, 367,368,[375][376][377][378][379][380][381]. In this review, we focus on isotope effects from a spin perspective, see table 7.…”

Section: Drosophila-amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi

Simon

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

104

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Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.

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Section: Isotope Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drosophila-amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi

Simon

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

104

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“…They concluded that complex I of the electron transport chain is involved in the H 2 O 2 production. Table 6 summarizes a few medium/high-frequency magnetic field effects observed [353][354][355][356][357][358][359][360] including biological processes 41,[361][362][363][364][365] . Inheriting quantum properties, not only do different isotopes of an element have different masses, but they can also have different spins.…”

Section: Medium/high-frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, the term "magnetic isotope effect" was dubbed for such phenomena as they are controlled by electron-nuclear hyperfine coupling in the paramagnetic species. Moreover, isotope effects have been observed for a great variety of chemical and biochemical reactions involving oxygen, silicon, sulfur, germanium, tin, mercury, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and uranium 62,364,365,[372][373][374][375][376][377][378] . In this review, we focus on isotope effects from spin perspective, see Table 7.…”

Section: Medium/high-frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi¹,

Simon²

2022

Preprint

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A large and growing body of research shows that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems, including plants, animals, and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. It is remarkable that the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here we review these observations, of which there are now hundreds, and we suggest that a viable explanation is provided by the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of naturally occurring transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, organizing them based on the type of the applied magnetic fields, namely static, hypomagnetic, and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules that might constitute the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the quantum nature of the radical pairs provides promising explanations for xenon anesthesia, lithium effects on hyperactivity, magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology related to weak magnetic field effects.

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“…Thus, one can consider isotope effects in (bio)chemical reactions from two distinct points of view: mass- and spin-dependency. Isotope effects have been reported for numerous (bio)chemical reactions ( Buchachenko et al, 2012 ; Buchachenko, 2013 ; Buchachenko, 2014a ; Buchachenko, 2014b ; Bukhvostov et al, 2014 ; Buchachenko et al, 2019 ; Arkhangelskaya et al, 2020 ; Buchachenko et al, 2020 ; Koltover, 2021 ; Letuta, 2021 ). Sechzer and et al observed that administering different lithium isotopes resulted in different parenting behaviors and potentially delayed offspring development in rats ( Sechzer et al, 1986 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic isotope effects: a potential testing ground for quantum biology

Zadeh-Haghighi,

Simon

2023

Front. Physiol.

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One possible explanation for magnetosensing in biology, such as avian magnetoreception, is based on the spin dynamics of certain chemical reactions that involve radical pairs. Radical pairs have been suggested to also play a role in anesthesia, hyperactivity, neurogenesis, circadian clock rhythm, microtubule assembly, etc. It thus seems critical to probe the credibility of such models. One way to do so is through isotope effects with different nuclear spins. Here we briefly review the papers involving spin-related isotope effects in biology. We suggest studying isotope effects can be an interesting avenue for quantum biology.

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Nuclear spin catalysis in biochemical physics

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Magnetic isotope effects: a potential testing ground for quantum biology

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