Nuclear trapping by GL3 controls intercellular transport and redistribution of TTG1 protein in<i>Arabidopsis</i>

Balkunde, Rachappa; Bouyer, Daniel; Hülskamp, Martin

doi:10.1242/dev.072454

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A functional NLS is sufficient to overcome the NESmediated nuclear export resulting in activation of the LEUCINE2 (LEU2) reporter gene. Using the NTT assay we found that AtMYC1, in contrast to GL3 (Balkunde et al, 2011), could not activate the LEU2 reporter, indicating that it does not contain a functional NLS. Significantly, additional expression of TRY or CPC led to the activation of LEU2, whereas co-expression of GL1 did not activate the reporter.…”

Section: Research Article Development 140 (16)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Patterning genes were introduced by LR recombination with the respective entry clones. The plasmid vector pNS and pNS-GL3 were described previously (Ueki et al, 1998;Balkunde et al, 2011). AtMYC1 CDS was cloned as a SalI-HindIII fragment from SalI-AtMYC1-HindIII-pGEM-T-easy (supplementary material Table S3) into the SalI site of pNS to create pNS-AtMYC1 (supplementary material Table S3).…”

Section: Yeast Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibitors mediate the cell-cell communication by intercellular movement. Second, the activator depletion model explains patterning by the removal of the mobile activator TTG1 in neighbouring cells through trapping by GL3 in trichome initials (Bouyer et al, 2008;Balkunde et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutual control of intracellular localisation of the patterning proteins AtMYC1, GL1 and TRY/CPC inArabidopsis

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYTrichome and root hair patterning is governed by a gene regulatory network involving TTG1 and several homologous MYB and bHLH proteins. The bHLH proteins GL3 and EGL3 are core components that serve as a regulatory platform for the activation of downstream genes. In this study we show that a homologue of GL3 and EGL3, AtMYC1, can regulate the intracellular localisation of GL1 and TRY. AtMYC1 protein is predominantly localised in the cytoplasm and can relocate GL1 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Conversely, AtMYC1 can be recruited into the nucleus by TRY and CPC, concomitant with a strong accumulation of TRY and CPC in the nucleus. When AtMYC1 is targeted to the nucleus or cytoplasm by nuclear localisation or export signals (NLS or NES), respectively, the intracellular localisation of GL1 and TRY also changes accordingly. The biological significance of this intracellular localisation is suggested by the finding that the efficiency of rescue of trichome number is significantly altered in NES and NLS fusions as compared with wild-type AtMYC1. Genetic analysis of mutants and overexpression lines supports the hypothesis that AtMYC1 represses the activity of TRY and CPC.

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Section: Research Article Development 140 (16)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Yeast Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutual control of intracellular localisation of the patterning proteins AtMYC1, GL1 and TRY/CPC inArabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…Intercellular interactions are mediated by the inhibitors. Second, TTG1 is trapped in incipient trichome cells by GL3 and thereby depleted from the surrounding cells (Bouyer et al, 2008;Balkunde et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisTTG2 RegulatesTRYExpression through Enhancement of Activator Complex-Triggered Activation

et al. 2014

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Trichome patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by a regulatory feedback loop of the trichome promoting factors TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), GLABRA3 (GL3)/ENHANCER OF GL3 (EGL3), and GL1 and a group of homologous R3MYB proteins that act as their inhibitors. Together, they regulate the temporal and spatial expression of GL2 and TTG2, which are considered to control trichome cell differentiation. In this work, we show that TTG2 is a specific activator of TRY (but not CPC or GL2). The WRKY protein TTG2 binds to W-boxes in a minimal promoter fragment of TRY, and these W-boxes are essential for rescue of the try mutant phenotype. We further show that TTG2 alone is not able to activate TRY expression, but rather drastically enhances the activation by TTG1 and GL3. As TTG2 physically interacts with TTG1 and because TTG2 can associate with GL3 through its interaction with TTG1, we propose that TTG2 enhances the activity of TTG1 and GL3 by forming a protein complex.

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“…In the root system, GL3 was shown to be expressed in root hair files, from where it moves to the nonroot hair files (Bernhardt et al, 2005). In leaves, TTG1 movement occurs from nontrichome cells to trichomes (Bouyer et al, 2008;Balkunde et al, 2011).…”

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TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA1 Compete for Binding to GLABRA3 in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6592-4445 (J.F.H.); 0000-0001-6633-9769 (M.K.); 0000-0002-1317-7716 (R.S.); 0000-0001-7734-3771 (S.W.-P.).The MBW (for R2R3MYB, basic helix-loop-helix [bHLH], and WD40) genes comprise an evolutionarily conserved gene cassette that regulates several traits such as (pro)anthocyanin and anthocyanin biosynthesis and epidermal cell differentiation in plants. Trichome differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is governed by GLABRA1 (GL1; R2R3MYB), GL3 (bHLH), and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1; WD40). They are thought to form a trimeric complex that acts as a transcriptional activation complex. We provide evidence that these three MBW proteins form either GL1 GL3 or GL3 TTG1 dimers. The formation of each dimer is counteracted by the respective third protein in yeast three-hybrid assays, pulldown experiments (luminescence-based mammalian interactome), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. We further show that two target promoters, TRIPTYCHON (TRY) and CAPRICE (CPC), are differentially regulated: GL1 represses the activation of the TRY promoter by GL3 and TTG1, and TTG1 suppresses the activation of the CPC promoter by GL1 and GL3. Our data suggest that the transcriptional activation by the MBW complex involves alternative complex formation and that the two dimers can differentially regulate downstream genes.One well-studied example for a single regulatory protein complex driving the evolution of multiple traits in plants is the R2R3MYB/basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/WD40 (MBW) complex (Broun, 2005;Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Serna and Martin, 2006;Feller et al., 2011). Together, the corresponding three genes are required for the regulation of metabolic pathways (anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin production) and the differentiation of epidermal cell types in higher plants (Broun, 2005;Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Serna and Martin, 2006;

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Nuclear trapping by GL3 controls intercellular transport and redistribution of TTG1 protein inArabidopsis

Cited by 53 publications

References 48 publications

Mutual control of intracellular localisation of the patterning proteins AtMYC1, GL1 and TRY/CPC inArabidopsis

Mutual control of intracellular localisation of the patterning proteins AtMYC1, GL1 and TRY/CPC inArabidopsis

ArabidopsisTTG2 RegulatesTRYExpression through Enhancement of Activator Complex-Triggered Activation

TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA1 Compete for Binding to GLABRA3 in Arabidopsis

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