Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment from human cells reveals homology to retrotransposons.

Flügel, Rolf M.; Maurer, Bernd; Bannert, Helmut; Rethwilm, Axel; Schnitzler, Paul; Darai, Gholamreza

doi:10.1128/mcb.7.1.231

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Cells of human embryonic lung fibroblasts were prepared as described previously (Flugel et al, 1987). Virus was kindly provided by Dr P.Loh and infection of HEL cells was carried out as described (Loh and Matsuura, 1981).…”

Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes.

Flügel

Rethwilm²,

Maurer³

et al. 1987

The EMBO Journal

149

103

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Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes.

Flügel

Rethwilm²,

Maurer³

et al. 1987

The EMBO Journal

149

103

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“…Retrotransposons are common in yeast (9,2 1) and in Drosophila (8), have been found in different animal phyla (28), and appear to be rather abundant in higher plants (42,43). In mammalian species, the retrovirus-like intracisternal A particles (44), other retrotransposon-like sequences (45,46), and multiple copies of solo LTRs have been characterized (47); the latter have been shown to constitute recombinational hotspots (48). The existence of a Tyl-copia group retrotransposon in a fish has been inferred on the basis of the isolation of a DNA fragment with homology to this class of element in other organisms (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel family of retrotransposon-like elements inXenopus laeviswith a transcript inducible by two growth factors

Greene¹,

Otani²,

Good³

et al. 1993

Nucl Acids Res

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A cDNA clone named 1A11 was isolated in a screen for genes that are activated by both mesoderm inducing factors FGF and activin in animal explants of Xenopus laevis embryos. In undisturbed embryos, 1A11 is expressed during the gastrula stage in the entire marginal zone where mesoderm originates, and later in the somites, the tailbud, and at much lower levels in lateral mesoderm. The 1A11 sequence of 4.5 Kb has a 220 bp repeat at its ends, indicative of a retrotransposon-like structure. A long open reading frame encodes a predicted protein with only short homologies to the gag and protease regions of retroviruses and retrotransposons. Multiple copies of 1A11-related sequences were found in the Xenopus genome, constituting solo LTRs (long terminal repeats) of 1267 bp, and unique region copies (i.e., sequences internal to the repeats in the cDNA). Inverted repeats of 5 bp and apparent target site duplications of 5 bp surround the sequenced solo LTR. Thus, 1A11 is a new retrotransposon-like element in Xenopus laevis.

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“…Cells and virus. Cells of human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL) were prepared as described previously (5). Virus was kindly provided by P. Loh, and infection of HEL cells was done as described previously (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus

Maurer

Bannert

Darai

et al. 1988

J Virol

Self Cite

184

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The nucleotide sequence of the human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) genome was determined. The 5' long terminal repeat region was analyzed by strong stop cDNA synthesis and S1 nuclease mapping. The length of the RU5 region was determined and found to be 346 nucleotides long. The 5' long terminal repeat is 1,123 base pairs long and is bound by an 18-base-pair primer-binding site complementary to the 3' end of mammalian lysine-1,2-specific tRNA. Open reading frames for gag and pol genes were identified. Surprisingly, the HSRV gag protein does not contain the cysteine motif of the nucleic acid-binding proteins found in and typical of all other retroviral gag proteins; instead the HSRV gag gene encodes a strongly basic protein reminiscent of those of hepatitis B virus and retrotransposons. The carboxy-terminal part of the HSRV gag gene products encodes a protease domain. The pol gene overlaps the gag gene and is postulated to be synthesized as a gag/pol precursor via translational frameshifting analogous to that of Rous sarcoma virus, with 7 nucleotides immediately upstream of the termination codons of gag conserved between the two viral genomes. The HSRV pol gene is 2,730 nucleotides long, and its deduced protein sequence is readily subdivided into three well-conserved domains, the reverse transcriptase, the RNase H, and the integrase. Although the degree of homology of the HSRV reverse transcriptase domain is highest to that of murine leukemia virus, the HSRV genomic organization is more similar to that of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. The data justify classifying the spumaretroviruses as a third subfamily of Retroviridae.

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Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment from human cells reveals homology to retrotransposons.

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes.

A novel family of retrotransposon-like elements inXenopus laeviswith a transcript inducible by two growth factors

Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus

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