Nucleotide variation in Sabin type 2 poliovirus from an immunodeficient patient with poliomyelitis

Buttinelli, Gabriele; Donati, Valentina; Fiore, Stefano; Marturano, Jill; Plebani, Alessandro; Balestri, Paolo; Soresina, Anna Rosa; Vivarelli, R; Delpeyroux, Françis; Martı́n, Javier; Fiore, Lucia

doi:10.1099/vir.0.18974-0

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These PVs were recovered in HEp-2 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) (Code ATCC CCL-23, passage 350-365) (Manor et al, 1999a, Manor et al, 1999band Buttinelli et al, 2003.…”

Section: Pv Stockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During prolonged replication in the human intestine, the OPV strain invariably reverts its attenuated character and acquires neurovirulent properties as well as transmissibility characteristics typical of wild-type PV strains (Buttinelli et al, 2003 andHovi et al, 2004). Reversion of the OPV strains to increased neurovirulence is one key factor for the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) (Sutter and Prevots, 1994, Bellmunt et al, 1999, Shulman et al, 2000and Hovi et al, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, two case reports, one from Romania and one from Zimbabwe, have linked HIV infection and VAPP (Ion-Neldescu et al, 1994, Chitsike and van Furth, 1999and Wood et al, 2000. The OPV is therefore not advisable for immunodeficient people (Minor, 2001 andButtinelli et al, 2003). Although immunodeficiencies are listed as a contraindication for receiving OPV, patients with these clinical conditions may receive the OPV before their immunodeficiency is diagnosed or may be infected with OPV strains excreted by other vaccinees or due to circulating OPV strains within the community (person-to-person transmission) (Triki et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poliovirus vaccine strains detected in stool specimens of immunodeficient children in South Africa

Pavlov

Zyl

Kruger

et al. 2006

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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After exposure to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), immunocompetent persons excrete poliovirus (PV) vaccine strains for a limited period. In contrast, immunodeficient individuals remain sometimes chronically infected, and in some cases, PV excretion times as long as 10 years have been reported. During prolonged replication in the human intestine, the PV vaccine strain almost invariably reverts its attenuated character and acquires neurovirulent properties (vaccine-derived PVs, or VDPVs), which resemble wild-type PV strains. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of OPV strains in stools of immunodeficient children from a selected area in South Africa, as a first step toward future research on the prevalence and potential health impact of VDPVs. In a period of 1 year, a total of 164 stool samples of HIV-positive children aged 4 months to 8 years were studied for the excretion of OPV strains. In addition, 23 stool samples from healthy immunocompetent children were analyzed after receiving their OPV immunization. By applying a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in combination with a nested PCR, a total of 54 enteroviruses (EVs) were detected in the stool specimens of the immunodeficient children. Using restriction enzyme analysis, 13 PVs were distinguished from 41 nonpolio EVs (NPEVs). A Sabin-specific RT-triplex PCR confirmed the presence of 7 Sabin PV type 1, 4 Sabin PV type 3, and 2 Sabin PV type 2 isolates. The majority of the NPEV group was made up of 7 coxsackievirus B3 (CBV3), 6 echovirus 11 (ECV11), 5 ECV9, and 3 coxsackievirus A6 (CAV6) isolates. According to the results, two of the immunodeficient patients (P023 and P140) who had received their last OPV immunization more than 15 months before (vaccinated at 14 weeks of age) tested positive for Sabin PVs types 3 and 1, respectively. A 5-year-old immunodeficient patient (P052) who had received her last OPV immunization more than 42 months before (vaccinated at 18 months of age) tested positive for Sabin PV type 1. These results suggested that immunodeficient patients vaccinated with OPV might excrete potentially pathogenic VDPVs for a prolonged period. These VDPVs may circulate in the community, resulting in possible infections in the unvaccinated population. Therefore, the information obtained in this study would be essential for strategies aimed at the protection of both immunodeficient as well as immunocompetent individuals against complications of vaccination with OPV. Article Outline

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“…These PVs were recovered in HEp-2 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) (Code ATCC CCL-23, passage 350-365) (Manor et al, 1999a, Manor et al, 1999band Buttinelli et al, 2003.…”

Section: Pv Stockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poliovirus vaccine strains detected in stool specimens of immunodeficient children in South Africa

Pavlov

Zyl

Kruger

et al. 2006

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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“…Meanwhile, pleconaril is still being used successfully on a compassionate basis for treating life-threatening enterovirus infections in children (13). Notably, it was effective in stopping virus excretion in a child persistently infected with PV, when combined with gamma globulin-mediated virus clearance (14). In another trial with a persistently infected person, however, treatment produced no benefi t (7).…”

Section: Capsid-binding Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Antiviral Agents in Polio Eradication

Palma

Pürstinger

Wimmer

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…This excretion period rarely exceeds several weeks (2). However, as mentioned above, immunodeficient patients can excrete vaccine-derived polioviruses for several months and even several years (4,8,9,14,26,28,30). An individual in the United Kingdom is known to have been excreting Sabin 2-derived poliovirus for an estimated 20 years and is still excreting at present (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Excretion of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus by a Healthy Child

Martı́n

Odoom

Tuite

et al. 2004

J Virol

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A child was found to be excreting type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) with a 1.1% sequence drift from Sabin type 1 vaccine strain in the VP1 coding region 6 months after he was immunized with oral live polio vaccine. Seventeen type 1 poliovirus isolates were recovered from stools taken from this child during the following 4 months. Contrary to expectation, the child was not deficient in humoral immunity and showed high levels of serum neutralization against poliovirus. Selected virus isolates were characterized in terms of their antigenic properties, virulence in transgenic mice, sensitivity for growth at high temperatures, and differences in nucleotide sequence from the Sabin type 1 strain. The VDPV isolates showed mutations at key nucleotide positions that correlated with the observed reversion to biological properties typical of wild polioviruses. A number of capsid mutations mapped at known antigenic sites leading to changes in the viral antigenic structure. Estimates of sequence evolution based on the accumulation of nucleotide changes in the VP1 coding region detected a "defective" molecular clock running at an apparent faster speed of 2.05% nucleotide changes per year versus 1% shown in previous studies. Remarkably, when compared to several type 1 VDPV strains of different origins, isolates from this child showed a much higher proportion of nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide changes in the capsid coding region. This anomaly could explain the high VP1 sequence drift found and the ability of these virus strains to replicate in the gut for a longer period than expected.

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Nucleotide variation in Sabin type 2 poliovirus from an immunodeficient patient with poliomyelitis

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Poliovirus vaccine strains detected in stool specimens of immunodeficient children in South Africa

Poliovirus vaccine strains detected in stool specimens of immunodeficient children in South Africa

Potential Use of Antiviral Agents in Polio Eradication

Long-Term Excretion of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus by a Healthy Child

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