Nucleotides and Related Compounds

Kuninaka, Akira

doi:10.1002/9783527620999.ch15f

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Transcription of the pur operon is regulated negatively by adenine and guanine compounds including ATP and guanine (or hypoxanthine). Techniques similar to those described above for amino acid fermentations have yielded IMP titres of 27 g l -1 (Kuninaka, 1996). As only low levels of GMP have been produced by direct fermentation, it is usually made by bioconversion of XMP.…”

Section: Purines and Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Sánchez

Demain

2008

Microbial Biotechnology

155

103

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SummaryOverproduction of microbial metabolites is related to developmental phases of microorganisms. Inducers, effectors, inhibitors and various signal molecules play a role in different types of overproduction. Biosynthesis of enzymes catalysing metabolic reactions in microbial cells is controlled by well‐known positive and negative mechanisms, e.g. induction, nutritional regulation (carbon or nitrogen source regulation), feedback regulation, etc. The microbial production of primary metabolites contributes significantly to the quality of life. Fermentative production of these compounds is still an important goal of modern biotechnology. Through fermentation, microorganisms growing on inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources produce valuable products such as amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids and vitamins which can be added to food to enhance its flavour, or increase its nutritive values. The contribution of microorganisms goes well beyond the food and health industries with the renewed interest in solvent fermentations. Microorganisms have the potential to provide many petroleum‐derived products as well as the ethanol necessary for liquid fuel. Additional applications of primary metabolites lie in their impact as precursors of many pharmaceutical compounds. The roles of primary metabolites and the microbes which produce them will certainly increase in importance as time goes on. In the early years of fermentation processes, development of producing strains initially depended on classical strain breeding involving repeated random mutations, each followed by screening or selection. More recently, methods of molecular genetics have been used for the overproduction of primary metabolic products. The development of modern tools of molecular biology enabled more rational approaches for strain improvement. Techniques of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analysis, as well as metabolic flux analysis. have recently been introduced in order to identify new and important target genes and to quantify metabolic activities necessary for further strain improvement.

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Section: Purines and Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Sánchez

Demain

2008

Microbial Biotechnology

155

103

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“…More recently, they have become the chemical centerpiece of the development of genetic therapies, biological probes, and modern DNA sequencing technologies, as well as investigations into the molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and DNA repair . Among them, 5′-nucleotides have been widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. , For example, inosine 5′-monophosphate and guanosine 5′-monophosphate are widely used in various foods as flavour potentiators due to their characteristic taste. 5′-Nucleotides are also conditionally essential dietary nutrients in infant formula, which are found to contribute to iron absorption in the gut and to influence desaturation and elongation rates in fatty acid synthesis, in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and have been proven to promote immune function and reduce diarrheal disease in infants …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Automated Continuous Meso-flow Synthesis of 5′-Nucleotides and Deoxynucleotides

Zhu

Tang

Cao

et al. 2014

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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The first continuous meso-flow synthesis of natural and non-natural 5′-nucleotides and deoxynucleotides is described, representing a significant advance over the corresponding in-flask method. By means of this mesoflow technique, a synthesis with time consumption and high-energy consumption becomes facile to generate products with great efficiency. An abbreviated duration, satisfactory output, and mild reaction conditions are expected to be realized under the present procedure.

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Microbial 5′-nucleotidases: their characteristics, roles in cellular metabolism, and possible practical applications

Zakataeva

2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Abstract5′-Nucleotidases (EC 3.1.3.5) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of 5′-ribonucleotides and 5′-deoxyribonucleotides to their respective nucleosides and phosphate. Most 5′-nucleotidases have broad substrate specificity and are multifunctional enzymes capable of cleaving phosphorus from not only mononucleotide phosphate molecules but also a variety of other phosphorylated metabolites. 5′-Nucleotidases are widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life and found in different cellular locations. The well-studied vertebrate 5′-nucleotidases play an important role in cellular metabolism. These enzymes are involved in purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways, nucleic acid repair, cell-to-cell communication, signal transduction, control of the ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide pools, etc. Although the first evidence of microbial 5′-nucleotidases was obtained almost 60 years ago, active studies of genetic control and the functions of microbial 5′-nucleotidases started relatively recently. The present review summarizes the current knowledge about microbial 5′-nucleotidases with a focus on their diversity, cellular localizations, molecular structures, mechanisms of catalysis, physiological roles, and activity regulation and approaches to identify new 5′-nucleotidases. The possible applications of these enzymes in biotechnology are also discussed.Key points• Microbial 5′-nucleotidases differ in molecular structure, hydrolytic mechanism, and cellular localization.• 5′-Nucleotidases play important and multifaceted roles in microbial cells.• Microbial 5′-nucleotidases have wide range of practical applications. Graphical abstract

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Nucleotides and Related Compounds

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Fully Automated Continuous Meso-flow Synthesis of 5′-Nucleotides and Deoxynucleotides

Microbial 5′-nucleotidases: their characteristics, roles in cellular metabolism, and possible practical applications

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