Numerical analysis of vortex dynamics in hyperbolic funnels using computational fluid dynamics

Abstract

Experimental investigations into the characterization of vortices in hyperbolic funnels have shown efficient aeration properties. Certain regimes of vortices have been observed to exhibit high gas dissolution rates. This phenomenon has prompted inquiries into the underlying physical mechanisms at both micro and macroscopic scales. The present study employs computational fluid dynamics to numerically analyze the flow field organization inside these vortices, aiming to elucidate the observed high gas transfer rates. Transient simulations are performed on a three-dimensional radially structured hexahedral mesh, utilizing a multiphase Euler–Euler approach-based volume of fluid method for modeling, along with shear stress transport turbulence modeling based on k−ω equations with curvature correction. The evaluation of the two vortex regimes was conducted in terms of hydraulic retention time, water volume in the reactor, air–water interfacial area, and bulk mixing. Instabilities resembling Taylor vortices observed in Taylor–Couette flow systems emerge in the secondary flow field of these vortical structures, facilitating turbulent mixing. A qualitative analysis of the strength of these instabilities in terms of average vorticity per unit mass of water explains the high gas transfer efficiency. Despite high gas transfer rates, water exiting the funnel remains undersaturated under given operating conditions due to the short hydraulic retention time.