Numerical and experimental analysis on spray characteristics of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) using pressure swirl atomizer

Abstract

Atomization characteristics and evaporation have major role in air‐fuel mixing and the combustion process in diesel engine. The aim of this study is to perform numerical and experimental analysis to investigate the spray pattern of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) generated from pressure swirl atomizer. The computation exhibits Eularian‐Lagrangian method to comprise flow of multiphase and also linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to envisage atomization, sheet breakup, and film formation. The model's strength is the identification structure of spray created from pressure swirl atomizer. A three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics work consisting of LISA and Taylor analogy breakup model are certified via experimentation taken from constant volume chamber. Further, spray tip penetration, cone angle, and sauter mean diameter (SMD) are identified for fuel (B100, B25, and D) under injection pressure of 110 and 160 MPa, and 2.8 MPa ambient pressure using swirl atomizer in constant volume chamber. This particular spray is quite important for application in diesel engines but is not extensively explored. The results reveal that as injection pressure increases from 110 MPa to 160 MPa. The spray tip penetration for B100, B25, and D are increased by 19.86%, 14.90%, and 14.50% respectively, further, cone angle at the start of injection decreases by 6%, 5%, and 3.41%, similarly, the average SMD decreases by 25%, 33.33%, and 25.4%, respectively. This is due to the rheological property of fuel, turbulent energy of droplet and air is maximum in primary breakup zone.

Experimental investigation of spray characteristics of ethyl esters in a constant volume chamber

“…Then, existing droplets break up into smaller ones. This process is called secondary breakup and mainly occurred by the relative velocity between the fuel droplets and the air [65].…”

“…Therefore, an improvement in a secondary breakup can be expected, and the larger droplets disintegrate into smaller ones. Then, decreased droplet sizes can be achieved as a result of secondary breakup caused by high injection pressure [65]. Besides, Yadav and Gautam [66] explained that utilizing high injection pressures can reduce the rheological properties of fuels such as its surface tension.…”

“…Z is a dimensionless number to define the jet breakup regimes, which includes all relevant properties of fuel, as shown in Eq. ( 2) [65]: where σ is the surface tension of a fuel. Re number increases due to the increase in inertial effects more than viscous effects.…”

Spray Analysis of Biodiesels Derived from Various Biomass Resources in a Constant Volume Spray Chamber

“…This result is similar to some literature studies. 31,71 Measured SMD values of biodiesels were higher than those of diesel by 35.1, 31.6, and 21.2% under injection pressures of 600, 800, and 1000 bar, respectively. This was mainly due to biodiesels' larger viscosity and surface tension values than diesel.…”

Performance characteristics optimization of CRDI engine fuelled with a blend of sesame oil methyl ester and diesel fuel using response surface methodology approach

“…Biodiesel impresses the attention of scientists and researchers in this area. These fuels are becoming increasingly appealing in the present global energy situation since they are renewable and biodegradable, as well as offering energy security and foreign exchange savings while also addressing environmental issues (Oni and Oluwatosin, 2020;Devaraj et al, 2021;Yadav and Gautam, 2022).…”