Numerical investigation on heat transfer characteristics of liquid metal cross flow over tube bundles

The impact of tube bundle layout on the thermal and fluidic behaviour of liquid lead–bismuth eutectic in a helical-coiled once-through steam generator

“…1 has a height of 300 mm, is made up of 35 tubes with a diameter of 15 mm, and is organised into 7 rows of 5 tubes each, as prescribed by Yang et al, [ 14 ]. The positioning and arrangement of tubes significantly impact the flow and heat transfer characteristics during crossflow over tube bundles [ 17 ]. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to observe the impact of inline and staggered layouts on the performance of LBE flow across tube banks.…”

“…Energy equation [ 17 ]: here, the fluid density is denoted as ρ, the fluid velocity is u (ms −1 ), p depicts the fluid pressure (Pa), the fluid temperature is represented as T (K), portrays the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, Pr defines the Prandtl number of the fluid which is the ratio of momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity [ 21 ], /Pr depicts the molecular thermal diffusivity and / characterizes the turbulent thermal diffusivity.…”

“…Moreover, local heat transfer behaviour was not considered in this study. Xie et al [ 17 ] used Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) to examine the applicability of the Pr model and to assess the thermal performance of liquid metal in bare rod bundles, with varying Pr, Reynolds number (Re) and geometry parameters. From the numerical results, a correlation for Nu is derived.…”