Numerical modelling of full-scale tests on drystone masonry retaining walls

Abstract

The behaviour of four drystone masonry retaining walls of different geometry has been modelled numerically using the discrete element code UDEC, and the results have been compared with the ®eld trials carried out by Burgoyne in Ireland in 1834. By using appropriate soil and wall mass densities, strengths and stiffnesses, it was possible to reproduce in the numerical analyses the ®eld behaviour observed by Burgoyne. Reasonably close agreement was obtained between the horizontal components of earth pressures calculated in the numerical analyses and using the earth pressure coef®cients given by Caquot and Kerisel. Basal stress distributions calculated using the condition of equilibrium of the wall were also broadly consistent with those resulting from the numerical analyses. The results also con®rm both the in¯uence of the geometry of a drystone masonry retaining wall on its performance and ultimate stability, and the soundness of Burgoyne's engineering judgement in specifying his programme of ®eld tests.

Yield design of dry‐stone masonry retaining structures—Comparisons with analytical, numerical, and experimental data

“…Dickens and Walker [6] pioneered this method using the distinct element code UDEC to model walls at Great Zimbabwe National Monument. Harkness et al [7] have applied this technique to Burgoyne's field trials [8], and their study was later expanded on [9][10][11]. UDEC is based on the distinct element method (DEM).…”

“…In 2000, Harkness et al [7] first modelled Burgoyne's walls using the distinct element code UDEC. Their results were then widely exploited.…”

“…Powrie et al have decided to explore what could happen if diminishing the stone and soil friction angles and the joint inclination. The original values of geometrical parameters are taken from Burgoyne [8], and those of physical characteristics (not given by Burgoyne) are given by Harkness et al [7] and recorded in Table III.…”

Yield design modelling of dry-stone retaining walls

“…These tests aimed at evaluating the influence of geometry on their stability. Since they remain the most important fullscale trials in scientific history, many studies [6,[8][9][10] have been devoted to these experiments. However, the lack of information concerning physical characteristics of the backfill or even the wall has led us to concentrate on the numerical results, out of any experimental consideration.…”

“…Dickens and Walker [5] pioneered this method using the distinct element code UDEC to model walls at Great Zimbabwe National Monument. Harkness et al [6] have applied this technique to Burgoyne's field trials [7], and their study was expanded later on [8][9][10]. UDEC is based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM).…”