“…The earlier and pioneer investigations were detailed by Bentley et al [1,2], Najjar and Burgess [3], Lennon [4], Zhao and Kruppa [5], O'Connor and Martin [6], Bailey et al [7], Bailey and Moore [8,9], Huang et al [10], Elghazouli et al [11], Elghazouli and Izzuddin [12], Huang et al [13][14][15], Lamont et al [16], Wald et al [17] and by other researchers. The investigations have described the whole building behaviour and structural fire design of steel-framed structures based on real fire conditions as well as fullscale fire tests.…”