Numerical Optimization of Evaporative Misting Systems

Gates, Richard S.; Timmons, Michael B.; Bottcher, R. W.

doi:10.13031/2013.31658

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The respiratory rate for the forced ventilation system (T4) in the farrowing room were probably affected by the high restlessness of the animals associated to a high noise level of the fan in this treatment, when compared to the natural ventilation system treatment (T3). The results were similar to those obtained by Gates et al (1991b) and Bull et al (1997) who found that growing-finishing swine as well as sows present highest performance when housed in an environment with evaporative cooling, when compared to both misting and mechanical ventilation systems.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Reduction of the heat load can be achieved by properly designed ventilation and cooling systems, in both gestating and nursing housing (Bull et al, 1997;Gates et al, 1991a). Room evaporative cooling and head ventilation systems help reducing the negative effects of high temperatures in farrowing rooms (Dong et al, 2001;Barbari & Guerri, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and productive responses of environmental control on housed sows

Romanini

Tolon

Nääs

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Swine housing must promote an adjusted environment for thermal comfort and high animal productivity without negatively affecting the sow performance and reproductive response. This study evaluated the use of distinct environmental cooling equipments on sow performance, both on the gestation and on nursing in open sided housing. Two treatments were tested in the gestation building: natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation associated to fogging; while in the nursing rooms three treatments were tested: natural ventilation; mechanical ventilation; and evaporative cooling with forced ventilation. Sows were randomly chosen from the same genetic lot form six combined treatments. The evaporative cooling system in the farrowing room differed for piglet performances, at birth (4% higher) and on daily weight gain (15% higher), and also for sow physiological response improving the respiratory rate (8%) and back fat thickness (3%), without influencing skin temperature. The use of evaporative cooling directed to the sow head during nursing improved the physiological and productive results. Key words: gestating sows, lactating sows, thermal stress RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E PRODUTIVAS DO CONTROLE AMBIENTAL EM FÊMEAS SUÍNAS ALOJADASRESUMO: As instalações suínicolas devem promover um ambiente adequado para o conforto térmico, sem afetar negativamente o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo das porcas. O presente trabalho avaliou a influência do uso de diferentes equipamentos de climatização, em ambas as instalações abertas de gestação e maternidade, no desempenho das matrizes suínas. Na instalação de gestação foram testados dois tratamentos: ventilação natural e resfriamento; enquanto nas salas de maternidade foram aplicados três tratamentos: ventilação natural, ventilação mecânica e resfriamento adiabático com ventilação forçada. Matrizes escolhidas aleatoriamente, com a mesma genética, foram expostas a seis tratamentos combinados. O sistema de resfriamento adiabático na maternidade foi diferencial para o desempenho dos leitões ao nascer (4% superior) e no ganho de peso diário (15% superior), e também para as respostas fisiológicas das porcas com melhorias nos resultados de freqüência respiratória (8%) e espessura de toucinho (3%). Não houve influência na temperatura de pele dos animais. O uso de resfriamento evaporativo direcionado para a cabeça das porcas na maternidade demonstrou ser um procedimento positivo com melhorias nos resultados fisiológicos e produtivos. Palavras-chave: matrizes suínas gestantes, matrizes suínas em aleitamento, estresse térmico

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and productive responses of environmental control on housed sows

Romanini

Tolon

Nääs

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…THIP and THIC threshold levels are computed from both indoor and outdoor atmospheric variables. The differences between outdoor and indoor values are used to evaluate evaporative cooling mechanisms, e.g., swamp coolers (Gates et al, 1991a, b).…”

Section: Physiology Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humid environments or environments that are hot and have an aboveaverage RH relative to their normally high T severely limit the cooling potential of swamp coolers. The livestock industry uses evaporative cooling mechanisms for cooling, often in conjunction with THIP and THIC, as mentioned previously (Gates et al, 1991a, b). Due to their low cost, swamp coolers are used throughout the world as a method of cooling buildings and houses.…”

Section: Empirical Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, long-term exposure (heat waves or seasonally high heat), even without working, may drastically increase morbidity and mortality (Kjellstrom et al, 2009a). Although there is high uncertainty in the number of deaths, the 2003 European heat wave killed 40 000 people during a couple weeks in August (García-Herrera et al, 2010), and tens of thousands more altogether for the entire summer (Robine et al, 2008). The 2010 Russian heat wave, the worst recorded heat wave, killed 55 000 people over the midsummer (Barriopedro et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation and comparison of a suite of heat stress metrics within the Community Land Model version 4.5

2015

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Abstract. We implement and analyze 13 different metrics (4 moist thermodynamic quantities and 9 heat stress metrics) in the Community Land Model (CLM4.5), the land surface component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We call these routines the HumanIndexMod. We limit the algorithms of the HumanIndexMod to meteorological inputs of temperature, moisture, and pressure for their calculation. All metrics assume no direct sunlight exposure. The goal of this project is to implement a common framework for calculating operationally used heat stress metrics, in climate models, offline output, and locally sourced weather data sets, with the intent that the HumanIndexMod may be used with the broadest of applications. The thermodynamic quantities use the latest, most accurate and efficient algorithms available, which in turn are used as inputs to the heat stress metrics. There are three advantages of adding these metrics to CLM4.5: (1) improved moist thermodynamic quantities; (2) quantifying heat stress in every available environment within CLM4.5; and (3) these metrics may be used with human, animal, and industrial applications.We demonstrate the capabilities of the HumanIndexMod in a default configuration simulation using CLM4.5. We output 4× daily temporal resolution globally. We show that the advantage of implementing these routines into CLM4.5 is capturing the nonlinearity of the covariation of temperature and moisture conditions. For example, we show that there are systematic biases of up to 1.5 • C between monthly and ±0.5 • C between 4× daily offline calculations and the online instantaneous calculation, respectively. Additionally, we show that the differences between an inaccurate wet bulb calculation and the improved wet bulb calculation are ±1.5 • C. These differences are important due to human responses to heat stress being nonlinear. Furthermore, we show heat stress has unique regional characteristics. Some metrics have a strong dependency on regionally extreme moisture, while others have a strong dependency on regionally extreme temperature.

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