Numerical simulation of different HGV fire scenarios in curved bi-directional road tunnels and safety evaluation

Caliendo, Ciro; Ciambelli, Paolo; Guglielmo, Maria Luisa De; Meo, Maria Grazia; Russo, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2012.04.004

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many experimental and CFD studies, over the world, have been conducted in order to evaluate the impact of the airflow on temperature and smoke distributions during the fire in tunnels [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The results have proven the direct influence of the airflow on smoke and temperature behavior.…”

Section: Air Velocity Boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of a Full Scaled Fire Test of the Tunnel with Natural Ventilation

Rafiei¹

2015

IJCA

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A mechanical ventilation system plays a major role in tunnels safety. Over the world, different ventilation systems regarding to the tunnel geometry and other parameters are used for tunnel ventilation in the normal and fire operations. However, in short tunnels depending on the tunnel geometry and traffic condition, there is the possibility of passing traffic through a tunnel without mechanical ventilation. Normally, natural ventilation is applied in short tunnels. In longer tunnels, additional measures in geometry such as openings or shafts are necessary to support natural ventilation. Due to the high costs of the electro-mechanical installations, maintenance and electricity power consumption for mechanical ventilation, having tunnels with natural ventilation system will be the best option. But, reliability of such ventilation systems in case of emergency must be substantiated before applying to tunnels. The main concern is a proper smoke evacuation in a fire case. In this survey, in order to set up a suitable CFD model, numerical simulation of a pre-conducted fire test by using same boundary conditions is done. These simulations were further extended to fires with higher capacities to show smoke and temperature behavior during the higher fires. The newest version of the FDS software (Fire Dynamic Simulator 6) was employed for simulations.

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Section: Air Velocity Boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of a Full Scaled Fire Test of the Tunnel with Natural Ventilation

Rafiei¹

2015

IJCA

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“…In the field of traffic and transportation, using computers for simulating traffic volume is found to be useful to study traffic situation and drivers behavior in a prespecified network and traffic assignment [9]. It is also applied in the field of road safety particularly in road safety assessment [10], studying the effects of incidents on road safety [11] and estimating the performances of vehicles' intelligent speed adaptation systems on pedestrian safety [12]. Using simulation modeling in the case of traffic incidents is another example which helps designers to determine the best locations for installing fire extinguishers equipment [11].…”

Section: Computer Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also applied in the field of road safety particularly in road safety assessment [10], studying the effects of incidents on road safety [11] and estimating the performances of vehicles' intelligent speed adaptation systems on pedestrian safety [12]. Using simulation modeling in the case of traffic incidents is another example which helps designers to determine the best locations for installing fire extinguishers equipment [11]. Simulation approach is also utilized to analyze the performance of road equipment designing on roads [13] and may be a good tool for making tactical and strategic planning [14].…”

Section: Computer Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Chaotic-Simulation Based Model for Ranking High Selected Network Links in Hazardous Material Transportation

Mahmoudabadi

2014

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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Hazardous material transportation is one of the main concerns due to the nature of hazardous materials and their incident impacts. In general, transport risk is a main attribute to develop mathematical models for hazardous material routing problem as well as network designing or improving road safety. This paper presents a chaotic-simulation based model to determine the high selected links to improve road network quality for hazardous material transportation, in which risk is considered as a chaotic variable over the network whereas a simulation technique has been applied to cover a wide range of selecting paths. A real road network, consists of fifty-nine nodes and eighty two-way edges, is used for running the mathematical model and checking validation. Due to the large amounts of hazardous material transported by trucks, the proposed methodology is focused on fuel transportation, and high selected list of edges (links) has been obtained to improve road safety. Sensitivity analysis revealed that using different seeds for generating transport risk has no significant effects on finding the most frequent paths and high selected edges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A linear heat detection system is assumed to activate the emergency ventilation system when the temperature is above 68°C. With reference to the mentioned tunnel, it is to be said that in Caliendo et al (7) the effects of a fire source due to a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) with a peak of the HRR of 50 MW is investigated by using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling; in Caliendo et al (8) the findings obtained by means of a simulation model for representing an evacuation process of people from the aforementioned tunnel in the event of a fire is also described; finally, in Caliendo et al (9) the results are shown as obtained by CFD modeling for simulating the effects of fire, with and without traffic, due to four different vehicles with HRR peaks of 8, 30, 50, and 100 MW, representing two cars, a bus, a HGV, and a petrol tanker, respectively. However it is to be stressed that in these articles, studies based on the QRA were not carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Risk Analysis on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Through a Bi‐Directional Road Tunnel

Caliendo¹,

Guglielmo²

2016

Risk Analysis

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A quantitative risk analysis (QRA) regarding dangerous goods vehicles (DGVs) running through road tunnels was set up. Peak hourly traffic volumes (VHP), percentage of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and failure of the emergency ventilation system were investigated in order to assess their impact on the risk level. The risk associated with an alternative route running completely in the open air and passing through a highly populated urban area was also evaluated. The results in terms of social risk, as F/N curves, show an increased risk level with an increase the VHP, the percentage of HGVs, and a failure of the emergency ventilation system. The risk curves of the tunnel investigated were found to lie both above and below those of the alternative route running in the open air depending on the type of dangerous goods transported. In particular, risk was found to be greater in the tunnel for two fire scenarios (no explosion). In contrast, the risk level for the exposed population was found to be greater for the alternative route in three possible accident scenarios associated with explosions and toxic releases. Therefore, one should be wary before stating that for the transport of dangerous products an itinerary running completely in the open air might be used if the latter passes through a populated area. The QRA may help decisionmakers both to implement additional safety measures and to understand whether to allow, forbid, or limit circulation of DGVs.

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Numerical simulation of different HGV fire scenarios in curved bi-directional road tunnels and safety evaluation

Cited by 63 publications

References 13 publications

Numerical Simulation of a Full Scaled Fire Test of the Tunnel with Natural Ventilation

Numerical Simulation of a Full Scaled Fire Test of the Tunnel with Natural Ventilation

Developing a Chaotic-Simulation Based Model for Ranking High Selected Network Links in Hazardous Material Transportation

Quantitative Risk Analysis on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Through a Bi‐Directional Road Tunnel

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