2003
DOI: 10.1007/s11771-003-0059-x
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Numerical simulation of flow phenomena and optimum operation of tundish

Abstract: To enhance the quality of grade 20 carbon-steel on the continuous casting production line, the mechanism of forming blowholes and non-metallic inclusions in billets and numerical simulation of flow phenomena about liquid steel in tundish were studied. The results show that the configuration and operation of tundish play an important part in quality assurance of grade 20 carbon-steel products. By optimizing the configuration of the tundish, the depth of liquid bath in tundish is enhanced, the impact of liquid s… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…We obtained an I-CVI (.8-1.0), an S-CVI/Ave (.96) and an S-CVI/UA (.8) showing that this Malay-translated version of the FNS has good content validity (according to the cut-off values of I-CVI >.78, S-CVI/Ave >.9, and SCVI/UA >.8 proposed by Shi et al (2012)). Polit et al (2007) also support that any item with an I-CVI value above .78 with three or more experts is considered evidence of good content validity and the S-CVI/Ave value should be .90 or higher.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…We obtained an I-CVI (.8-1.0), an S-CVI/Ave (.96) and an S-CVI/UA (.8) showing that this Malay-translated version of the FNS has good content validity (according to the cut-off values of I-CVI >.78, S-CVI/Ave >.9, and SCVI/UA >.8 proposed by Shi et al (2012)). Polit et al (2007) also support that any item with an I-CVI value above .78 with three or more experts is considered evidence of good content validity and the S-CVI/Ave value should be .90 or higher.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…“S‐CVI/UA is calculated by adding all items with I‐CVI equal to 1 divided by the total number of items, while S‐CVI/Ave is calculated by taking the sum of the I‐CVIs divided by the total number of items. An S‐CVI/Ave ≥0.9 has excellent content validity.” (Shi et al., 2012)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…32 items receiv ed I-CVI equal to 1 for the relevancy measure, and 34 items received I-CVI equal to 1 for simplicity measure. The values of S-CVI/UA greater than 0.80 and mean expert proportion (S-CVI/Ave) greater than 0.90 obtained for both relevance and simplicity scale s were considered to be high and acceptable [23] (Table 2). A total of six items were eliminated due to low numeric values of CVI and CVR.…”
Section: Proportion Agreement Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%