Numerical Simulation of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami Based on a New Transient FEM Co-seismic Source: Comparison to Far- and Near-Field Observations

Grilli, Stéphan T.; Harris, Jeffrey C.; Bakhsh, Tayebeh S. Tajalli; Masterlark, T.; Kyriakopoulos, C.; Kirby, James T.; Shi, Fengyan

doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0528-y

Cited by 155 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The slip distribution on the earthquake fault was examined by tsunami forward modeling [e.g., Grilli et al, 2012Grilli et al, , 2013Lovholt et al, 2012], and estimated by the tsunami waveform inversion analyses [e.g., Fujii et al, 2011;Satake et al, 2013]. Some studies used not only tsunami data but also seismic and geodetic data for the estimation of the earthquake source process [e.g., Yokota et al, 2011;Gusman et al, 2012;Hooper et al, 2012;Yamazaki et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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“…It is worth pointing out that on making this approximation, we basically neglect the complex lithospheric structure typical of the subduction zones, where both vertical and lateral heterogeneities and irregular sea bottom topography can play a non-negligible role and can be accounted for only by means of specific models (see e.g. coseismic deformations computed through FE modelling vs. Okada model for the Tohoku 2011 earthquake in Grilli et al, 2013). In doing so, we further neglect the low-pass filtering effect of the body of water on the sea floor deformations, tending to cut short wavelengths through the reduction factor sech (kh), h being the water depth and k the wavenumber (see Kajiura, 1963), that is therefore more relevant for small-size sources than for large-magnitude earthquakes.…”

Section: Tsunami Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of tsunami hazards for the Central American Pacific coast from southern Mexico to northern Peru

Brizuela

Armigliato

Tinti

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Central America (CA), from Guatemala to Panama, has been struck by at least 52 tsunamis between 1539 and 2013, and in the extended region from Mexico to northern Peru (denoted as ECA, Extended Central America in this paper) the number of recorded tsunamis in the same time span is more than 100, most of which were triggered by earthquakes located in the Middle American Trench that runs parallel to the Pacific coast. The most severe event in the catalogue is the tsunami that occurred on 2 September 1992 off Nicaragua, with run-up measured in the range of 5-10 m in several places along the Nicaraguan coast. The aim of this paper is to assess the tsunami hazard on the Pacific coast of this extended region, and to this purpose a hybrid probabilistic-deterministic analysis is performed, that is adequate for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. More specifically, the probabilistic approach is used to compute the Gutenberg-Richter coefficients of the main seismic tsunamigenic zones of the area and to estimate the annual rate of occurrence of tsunamigenic earthquakes and their corresponding return period. The output of the probabilistic part of the method is taken as input by the deterministic part, which is applied to calculate the tsunami run-up distribution along the coast.

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“…The computed inundation areas on 60 m grids also agrees well with the survey data, giving a modelling accuracy of 85.5 % for the inundation areas along 800 km of coastline. GRILLI et al (2013) simulated the 2011 Tohoku tsunami using two tsunami source models and compared the simulations with far-field and near-field data. The first source model (UCSB) was based on seismic wave analysis, while the second model (UA) was based on land GPS and marine geodetic data.…”

Section: Tsunami Data Analysis and Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%