Numerical simulation of the interaction between ammonium nitrate aerosol and convective boundary-layer dynamics

Barbaro, Eduardo; Krol, Maarten; Arellano, Jordi Vilà‐Guerau de

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.048

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Figure 2 shows the burden of fine NO − 3 , NO − 3 on dust, NH + 4 , and NH 3 in AM3N. The simulated global burdens fall within the range of previous estimates (Bauer et al, 2007;Feng and Penner, 2007;Pye et al, 2009;Pringle et al, 2010;Bellouin et al, 2011;Xu and Penner, 2012;Hauglustaine et al, 2014) for fine NO − 3 (0.04-0.11 Tg N), NO − 3 on dust (0.07-0.41 Tg N), NH + 4 (0.21-0.27 Tg N), and NH 3 (0.07-0.29 Tg N). The burden of fine NO − 3 peaks over China where it reaches over 5 mg N m −2 , with a secondary maximum over India.…”

Section: Budget and Global Distributionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In AM3N, the dry deposition of NH 4 NO 3 is slow, similar to other fine aerosols. Several field observations have reported steeper vertical gradients and faster deposition velocities Huebert et al, 1988;Wyers and Duyzer, 1997;Van Oss et al, 1998;Rattray and Sievering, 2001;Nemitz et al, 2004;Fowler et al, 2009;Wolff et al, 2010;Barbaro et al, 2015). This difference stems from gradients in temperature, RH, and HNO 3 within the boundary layer, which reduce the stability of NH 4 NO 3 near the surface.…”

Section: Surface Removal Of Fine No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We update and evaluate the treatment of nitrate aerosols in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model (AM3). Accounting for the radiative effects of nitrate aerosols generally improves the simulated aerosol optical depth, although nitrate concentrations at the surface are biased high. This bias can be reduced by increasing the deposition of nitrate to account for the near-surface volatilization of ammonium nitrate or by neglecting the heterogeneous production of nitric acid to account for the inhibition of N2O5 reactive uptake at high nitrate concentrations. Globally, uncertainties in these processes can impact the simulated nitrate optical depth by up to 25 %, much more than the impact of uncertainties in the seasonality of ammonia emissions (6 %) or in the uptake of nitric acid on dust (13 %). Our best estimate for fine nitrate optical depth at 550 nm in 2010 is 0.006 (0.005–0.008). In wintertime, nitrate aerosols are simulated to account for over 30 % of the aerosol optical depth over western Europe and North America. Simulated nitrate optical depth increases by less than 30 % (0.0061–0.010) in response to projected changes in anthropogenic emissions from 2010 to 2050 (e.g., −40 % for SO2 and +38 % for ammonia). This increase is primarily driven by greater concentrations of nitrate in the free troposphere, while surface nitrate concentrations decrease in the midlatitudes following lower concentrations of nitric acid. With the projected increase of ammonia emissions, we show that better constraints on the vertical distribution of ammonia (e.g., convective transport and biomass burning injection) and on the sources and sinks of nitric acid (e.g., heterogeneous reaction on dust) are needed to improve estimates of future nitrate optical depth.

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Section: Budget and Global Distributionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Surface Removal Of Fine No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

et al. 2016

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“…Results also indicated that the model overestimated nitrate and ammonium and underestimated sulfate when SIA was relatively high. Positive biases of nitrate and ammonium were also found in other simulation studies (Fountoukis et al, 2011;Walker et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013;Barbaro et al, 2015) which might be caused by the uncertainties in NO x emissions, •OH concentration, oxidation rate of NO 2 by •OH, removal rate of HNO 3 and under-predicted planet boundary layer (PBL) Pirovano et al, 2012;Walker et al, 2012). Table S2 of SI.…”

Section: Model Performancementioning

confidence: 74%

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The Integrated Process Rate (IPR) analysis embedded in CAMx model was used to quantify contributions from different atmospheric processes to the formations and accumulations of ambient PM 2.5 and the secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) during two typical particulate pollution episodes in different seasons in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Process analysis results indicated that primary fine particle emissions were the major sources of high ambient PM 2.5 in urban areas with intensive anthropogenic activities. Aerosol process and advection transport were another two major processes contributing to the increasing PM 2.5 and SIA over the PRD region. Regarding formation of SIA species, elevations of nitrate and ammonium at Guangzhou (urban), Heshan (rural) and Panyu (suburban) sites were largely associated with aerosol process, while those at Huizhou (urban) site were dominated by advection process, but elevated sulfate concentrations at these four sites were all dominated by advection process. The difference can be attributed to spatial variations of SO 2 , NO x and NH 3 emissions, site locations and meteorological conditions. Advection, aerosol chemistry, deposition and vertical diffusion were important pathways to remove SIA at these four sites. Within the hours with most growing PM 2.5 concentrations, aerosol process was the most important contributor to the formation of new SIA throughout the entire planetary boundary layer.

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“…Figure shows the diurnal cycle of the O 3 , NO, and NO 2 mixing ratios for this particular day calculated with initial mixed‐layer and free‐tropospheric conditions and emission and deposition rates based on observations and previous research by Barbaro et al . []. The satisfactory agreement of modeled mixing ratios in combination with the ability of the model to represent the diurnal cycle of dynamics [ Van Heerwaarden et al ., ] gives enough confidence to use the fully coupled MXLCH model for more extensive studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO₂ assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands

2015

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Biological, chemical, and dynamical processes occurring at the surface strongly interact at diurnal scales. Therefore, this study examines the seasonal ozone impact on stomatal resistance, surface energy balance, boundary layer dynamics, and CO 2 assimilation at this (sub)diurnal scale under changing conditions. We combine a seasonal canopy resistance module with a surface-boundary layer model that solves the diurnal evolution of dynamical and chemical variables in a well-mixed, convective boundary layer. The model is constrained with observations from Cabauw (Netherlands) for the dry year 2003, representing a well-mixed boundary layer at midlatitudes over water-stressed grassland. To quantify the ozone impact, the Cumulative Uptake of Ozone is calculated over a growing season, which gives an estimate of the reduction in stomatal aperture and photosynthesis. From a sensitivity analysis with mixed-layer temperature and soil moisture content we conclude that drought is the dominant factor that determines the surface energy partitioning and limits CO 2 assimilation. Although drought causes stomatal closure, the results indicate that ozone damage, nevertheless, occurs. A second sensitivity analysis with CO 2 and ozone shows that ozone damage causes an increase in stomatal resistance of up to 40% under high ozone levels and that CO 2 -induced stomatal closure limits ozone damage. The impact on boundary layer development through the effect of CO 2 and ozone on the stomatal resistance is much smaller. At the diurnal scale soil moisture influences the surface energy partitioning, which affects the entrainment of ozone-rich air. Due to ozone damage, the CO 2 assimilation flux is reduced by about 15%.

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Numerical simulation of the interaction between ammonium nitrate aerosol and convective boundary-layer dynamics

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO₂ assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands

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Numerical simulation of the interaction between ammonium nitrate aerosol and convective boundary-layer dynamics

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO2 assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands

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Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO₂ assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands