Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Environment during Summer in Coastal Open Space and Research on Evaluating the Cooling Effect: A Case Study of May Fourth Square, Qingdao

Zhang, Ying; Hu, Xijun; Cao, Xilun; Liu, Zheng

doi:10.3390/su142215126

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These studies lack any CFD model assessment for scenario comparison or subjective thermal perception evaluation. Most studies are with microclimate data monitoring, CFD model scenario simulation with thermal comfort assessment for different mitigation strategies, and an evaluation of microclimatic improvements [15,18,81,82,84,[88][89][90][91]94,95,137,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166]. Developing and testing alternatives, such as the process "research by design", this research paper describes design outcome, evaluation, and design process-mitigation model or strategy.…”

Section: Iiie Cluster Design Scenario Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares

Mandić,

Đjukić,

Marić

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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In the upcoming period, city squares’ urban redesign will be crucial in achieving sustainable development goals. This study presents a systematic review of OTC-related studies for the urban design of city squares using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A review included a total of 173 papers from 2001 to 2023. The results identified five study types—clusters based on four pre-defined criteria: study approach, data collection methods, time duration, and primary objectives. The clusters indicate that more than half of all studies are related to the comparison of thermal comfort and heat mitigation measures. Most of the case studies were located in one of three climate zones: temperate oceanic (Cfb) (58 studies), hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) (40 studies), or humid subtropical (Cfa) (28 studies). The most common geometry of the analyzed urban square is medium-sized, is rectangular, and has dominant axel orientation south–north. Also, based on all five clusters, several research gaps were identified, appropriate for future research: the majority of studies related to the traditionally considered climate areas, no typology of urban square geometry configuration based on OTC assessment, and the lack of a local design model for assessing and improving the thermal comfort of city squares.

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Section: Iiie Cluster Design Scenario Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares

Mandić,

Đjukić,

Marić

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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show abstract

“…These air ducts can be enhanced by planting dense vegetation and controlling the height and density of buildings on both sides of the corridor [25]. It was found that setting the passageway conformed to the sea breeze by arbors and close planting at the air outlet effectively reduced the site temperature [26].…”

Section: Of 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Greening Strategy of Mitigation of the Thermal Environment for Coastal Sloping Urban Space

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Greening can usually have a cooling effect on urban space; but is this law also applicable to coastal sloping urban space? The coastal urban space of Qingdao Haizhifeng Square, with a sloping topography, was the area we selected to study. The study area contained two parts: a coastal green space and a residential area. ENVI-met was used to create six scenarios. Different lawns, black pine and ash were planted in the two areas to study the cooling effect. The results showed that the closer the area was to the sea, the better the thermal comfort. In both the coastal green area and the residential area, trees increased the PET of the site, and the higher the LAI of the trees, the more obvious the thermal effect. At 15:00, the hottest time during the summer, the highest PET at pedestrian height was lowest in the scenario without trees, reaching 28.3 °C, and the highest was with full ash, reaching 34.3 °C. At the same time, the average difference in PET between the two scenarios was 1.4 °C. The highest PET at pedestrian height was generated in the area of the building away from the sea breeze, especially in the case of the sloping topography behind it or dense street trees on the urban road. Finally, it was concluded that, in urban spaces with a coastal slope topography, lawns should be planted in the coastal green part and low LAI trees in residential areas, and shade trees should not be planted on the coastal walkway. This afforestation strategy can provide a basis to formulate a strategy for promoting the design of regions with similar geographical and climatic conditions in the future.

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The Spatial Pattern and Mechanism of Thermal Environment in Urban Blocks from the Perspective of Green Space Fractal

Tian

Liu

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Land resources in cities are limited, and the cost of green space construction is high. Compared with increasing the amount of green space, maximizing the cooling effect of limited green space has important theoretical and practical significance. Green fractal is a new innovative branch of urban fractal that uses a fractal index to quantify the green space structural index in studying the thermal environmental effect. Multi-source data, such as high-resolution remote sensing images, were used, and spatial regression models and inconsistency indices were applied to explore the spatial pattern of the urban thermal environment at the block scale, and the mechanism of green space fractal characteristics in terms of correlation and spatial heterogeneity, to assess the quality of green space development. This study shows the following: (1) In 2019, the land surface temperature in Dalian formed a spatial distribution structure of “high in the central region and low in the surrounding region” at the block scale, and the fractal indices of different green spaces show the spatial distribution structure of “dual-core” and “multi-core” spaces. (2) The driving direction and force of the fractal index of green space on the spatial pattern of land surface temperature differs. The influence of the green space structure index (grid and boundary dimensions) is greater than that of the quantity index (area and circumference), and the influence of the grid dimension is the most significant. (3) The spatial heterogeneity between the fractal index of block-scale green space and land surface temperature in Dalian is significant, showing a centralized and contiguous spatial pattern, with a trapezoidal structure decreasing from north to south. (4) The spatial adaptation between the fractal and thermal environments of green spaces can be evaluated using the inconsistency index. The development quality of green space can be divided into three types: advanced, relative coordination, and lagged green spaces. Finally, this study proposes specific suggestions for the development of block-scale green spaces and thermal environment management in Dalian City.

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Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Environment during Summer in Coastal Open Space and Research on Evaluating the Cooling Effect: A Case Study of May Fourth Square, Qingdao

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares

A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares

A Greening Strategy of Mitigation of the Thermal Environment for Coastal Sloping Urban Space

The Spatial Pattern and Mechanism of Thermal Environment in Urban Blocks from the Perspective of Green Space Fractal

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