Numerical Taxonomy of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses in the Genus <I>Pestivirus</I>

Pestivirus Species Potential Adventitious Contaminants of Biological Products

“…Correlation between clinical features related with isolation of BVDV-2 strains and genetic variation indicated specific genomic variants related with hemorrhagic syndrome [53]. The PNS procedure was useful also for the evaluation of the probable common origin of the BVDV-3 species spreading via commercialization of FBS batches from South America [35].…”

“…The European strains of the Culi series and strains L256 and Marloie showed high virulence causing hemorrhagic syndrome, characteristic also with BVDV-2 strains. Among BVDV-1 species, bovine strains associated with clinical forms of hemorrhagic syndrome belonged to the genotype BVDV-1b (Culi4 and Culi6 in BVDV-1b1 group and Marloie in BVDV-1b2) [61].…”

“…Large-scale epidemiological investigations on Pestivirus BVDV species strains (BVDV-1 n 306; BVDV-2 n 88; BVDV-3 n 30) evaluated according to the palindromic nucleotide substitution (PNS) at the 5' untranslated region of RNA [35] revealed that the 24.53% (104 out 424) were adventitious contaminants of biological products. Among BVDV-1 strains, allocated in genotypes BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1c, BVDV-1d, BVDV-1f and BVDV-1i, 66 (21.56% within the species) were detected as contaminants from FBS, cell lines, vaccines for veterinary and human use and interferon samples for human use.…”