Nutrient Digestibility of Common Feedstuffs in Extruded Diets for Sunshine Bass Morone chrysops♀×M. saxatilis ♂

Abstract

The digestibility of nutrients and energy in various ingredients to fish is affected by a variety of factors including ingredient quality and processing. Limited information is available regarding the digestibility of nutrients in feedstuffs for sunshine bass Morone chrysops♀×M. saxatilis♂. This information is particularly needed to improve the accuracy of diet formulations and allow appropriate substitution of feedstuffs. Therefore, a study was conducted with advanced sunshine bass fingerlings (50–75 g) to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for protein, lipid, carbohydrate, gross energy, and organic matter in a variety of feedstuffs in extrusion‐processed diets. Included in the study were low‐temperature processed menhaden fish meal (Select®), meat and bone meal, fish meal analog (PROPAK™) dehulled soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn grain, sorghum, wheat flour, wheat middlings, and rice bran. Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (0.8%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed in a commercial ribbon blender, preconditioned and extruded on a Wenger X‐20 to produce a neutrally buoyant pellet (5 mm). The digestibility trials were conducted in six 600‐L rectangular tanks connected as a closed recirculating brackish (5–7 ppt) water system. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 45–50 sunshine bass and fed twice daily to satiation. Feedstuffs of high‐protein and high‐lipid content were better digested by sunshine bass than feedstuffs of high carbohydrate or high fiber content. Organic matter digestibility ranged from 42% for both sorghum and corn to 96% and 98% for meat and bone meal and Select™ menhaden fish meal, respectively. Select™ menhaden fish meal and meat and bone meal appeared to be the best Ingredients for sunshine bass diets in terms of overall nutrient profiles and digestibility of nutrients. The fish meal analog did not perform as favorably as the other two animal products. Protein and lipid of cottonseed meal were highly available to sunshine bass with ADCs of 85% and 92%, respectively. Protein digestibility was high for soybean meal (77%), whereas the digestibility of organic matter (51%), lipid (54%), carbohydrate (25%) and energy (56%) in this feedstuff was moderately low. Energy in wheat middlings and wheat also was moderately available at 67% and 59%, respectively. Energy in sorghum and corn was much less available at 44% and 40%, respectively. Digestibility of nutrients and energy in rice bran exceeded 90%. Use of this information should aid the development of more efficient and economical diet formulations for sunshine bass.

Production performance, stress tolerance and intestinal integrity of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of soybean meal

“…Although feed intake was standardized across dietary treatments, given the known limitations of SBM as a feedstuff for carnivorous taxa, it is not surprising that growth performance was impaired among fish fed the highest amounts of this feedstuff. Apparent digestibility coefficients reported by Rawles and Gatlin (2000), as well as by Thompson et al. (2008), indicate SBM is relatively well digested by sunshine bass, which supports the high inclusion rates used in the present study.…”

Dietary nucleotides influence immune responses and intestinal morphology of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

“…This product contained cytidine-5 0 -monophosphate, disodium uridine-5 0 -monophosphate, adenosine-5 0 -monophosphate, disodium inosine-5 0 -monophosphate, disodium guanidine-5 0 -monophosphate and RNA. Procedures for diet preparation and storage were as previously described [20].…”

Replacement of fish meal by poultry by product meal, food grade, in diets for juvenile spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus

“…Care was taken to exclude urine, mucus and water from the fecal samples (Rawles & Gatlin, 2000;Glencross et al, 2005;Rawles, 2010).…”