Nutrient Flow in an Integrated Rabbit–Fish–Rice System in Rwanda

Abstract

Earlier aquaculture enterprises are either extensive or semiintensive fish farms, integrated to agriculture (crop and/or livestock) or not (that is stand-alone enterprises). The later are intensive systems or recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) which, when operating at larger scale, are risky ventures and are not suitable for resourcepoor farmers in developing countries [2]. They require formulated fish feeds and operate using high level energy, and high investments.