Nutrients Uptake and Accumulation in Plant Parts of Fragrant Rosa Species Irrigated with Treated and Untreated Wastewater

Abstract

Water scarcity has critically augmented the need for the exploration of alternative irrigation sources mainly in water-scarce regions. This water scarcity has put tremendous pressure on the agri-based economy of countries such as Pakistan. The reuse of sewage wastewater has been appearing as the only alternative water source, which can lessen our dependence upon freshwater (FW). The current study aimed to scrutinize the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) and untreated wastewater (UTWW) irrigation on the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) concentration in different plant parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, of four scented Rosa species (R. bourboniana, R. centifolia, R. Gruss-an-telpitz, and R. damascena) during the first week of 2018 to the last week of 2019. The experiment was arranged according to the two-factor factorial arrangement i.e., factor I was the irrigation source, while factor II was the Rosa species. The experimental water analysis showed that mineral and chemical concentrations in FW and TWW were within permissible limits of national environmental quality standards (NEQSs) for wastewater. The UTWW of this study possessed a higher electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and metals (Cd, Co, and Pb) than recommended levels. The results revealed that P, K, Ca, and Na contents significantly increased in all studied plant parts of Rosa species as the duration of irrigation with TWW and UTWW increased and vice versa in the case of N contents, while the ratio of N content elevation by applying TWW and UTWW were also not increased compared to other studied nutrients. The nutrients (except Ca) were found as maximum in all plant parts with UTWW compared to FW and TWW irrigation in roses. These stimulations were accredited to the presence of higher essential nutrients and some metals in UTWW. This experiment confirmed the disparities in nutrient contents of scented Rosa species due to the different absorbability of each element in every plant part. Regarding the nutrient accumulation in rose plant tissues, the results of the present study confirm that untreated wastewater must be treated to some extent to grow scented roses where water is scarce.

The recent genetic modification techniques for improve soil conservation, nutrient uptake and utilization

“… 32 , 33 Nutrient ions are absorbed by the roots, transported across root cell membranes, and then translocated to different plant tissues through the xylem and phloem. 34 Plant-specific characteristics like root morphology, physiology, and genetic traits, along with environmental factors like pH, moisture content, and soil nutrient availability, all work together to control nutrient uptake. 35–37 To maximize crop yields, nutritional quality, and general plant health, efficient nutrient uptake is essential.…”

Evaluation of Silicon Supplementation for Drought Stress under Water-Deficit Conditions: An Application of Sustainable Agriculture

“…Climate models project decreasing rainfall frequency along with increasing temperatures that will increase the gap between actual and potential yields [7]. Plants are often subjected to environmental restraints and water deficiency is the most important abiotic stress that limits crop production worldwide [8,9]. Drought, a recurrent spectacle with significant influences on biodiversity, is a major extensive climatic extreme and will diminish crop yields by up to 30% by 2025, compared with current yields [10].…”