Nutritional Composition and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) Leaf

Abstract

The nutritional composition and in vitro anti-oxidant activities of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaf extract were investigated to examine their physiological characteristics. Calcium was the most abundant mineral. The principal free sugars were glucose, sucrose, maltose, and fructose. The amino acids were mainly composed of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The fatty acids consisted mainly of 40.94% saturated fatty acid and 54.35% unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, the 112.64 mg% of vitamin C was analyzed as a natural anti-oxidant. Based on the bioactivity-guided isolation principle, the resulting ethanolic extracts from the blueberry leaf were divided into several fractions of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the greatest total phenolic content. The total phenolics and flavonoid were 50.51 mg of GAE /g and 13.09 mg%, respectively. The ABTS-radical-scavenging activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was 97.53% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power of the ethyl acetate fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of the blueberry leaf extract has good in vitro anti-oxidant activities and excellent nourishment, and can thus be useful food resources.

Effects of dietary inclusion of yacon, ginger and blueberry on growth, body composition and challenge test of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli ) against Edwardsiella tarda

“…Blueberry ( Vaccinium ashei Reade; BB) containing anthocyanin had an antioxidant activity (Deng et al., ; Jeong, Jo, Jeong, Kim, & Heo, ; Vizzotto, da Rosa Fetter, Corbelini, Pereira, & Gonzales, ) and showed antioxidant effect on animals (Dunlap, Reynolds, & Duffy, ; Molan, Lila, & Mawson, ; Papandreou et al., ).…”

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“…Antioxidant properties have also been demonstrated for Southern black blueberry Vaccinium ashei Reade (BB) (anthocyanin; Jeong et al, 2012), persimmon Diospyros kaki L. (PM) (polyphenols; Hwang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011), tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (TT) (lycopene; Kim and Chin, 2011;Goyal et al, 2013), broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (BC) (gluconsinolates; Banerjee et al, 2012) and yacon Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig and Endlicher (YC) (polyphenols; Kim et al, 2010a;Park et al, 2012). The effectiveness of oral application in animals was shown for all of these species (BB: Dunlap et al, 2006;Molan et al, 2008;Papandreou et al, 2009;PM: Kim et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2012;TT: Bobek, 1999;Moreira et al, 2005;BC: Muller et al, 2012;Tomofuji et al, 2012;YC: Kim, 2013).…”

Dietary inclusion effect of various sources of phyto‐additives on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and plasma chemistry of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda compared to a commercial probiotic (super lacto®)

“…In addition, dietary supplementation of GG has been reported to ameliorate the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance to various pathogens in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) (Immanuel et al, 2009;. Blueberry (BB) (Vaccinium ashei Reade) is a perennial flowering plant with a high concentration of polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins (Howard et al, 2003;Naczk et al, 2006), and also contains antioxidant (Jeong et al, 2012;Vizzotto et al, 2013), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroactive properties (Deng et al, 2014;Gurjar et al, 2012;Howard et al, 2003). Kim et al (2016) revealed that a diet supplemented with BB equally enhanced disease resistance against S. parauberis in rockfish as did YC and GG.…”