Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 1. Proximate composition and metabolizable energy values

Ezieshi, Emeka Vincent; Olomu, J. M.

doi:10.5897/ajb2007.000-2393

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The protein content of PKC is between 14.50% and 19.24%, as reported by Ezieshi and Olomu [102], Ramachandran et al [103], Alshelmani et al [45], and Abdollahi et al [104]. Endoprotease is essential to hydrolyse the complex protein of PKC into simple peptides to promote LAB growth [105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Foo

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Biotransformation via solid state fermentation (SSF) mediated by microorganisms is a promising approach to produce useful products from agricultural biomass. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are commonly found in fermented foods have been shown to exhibit extracellular proteolytic, β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, and β-mannanase activities. Therefore, extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzyme activities of seven Lactobacillus plantarum strains (a prominent species of LAB) isolated from Malaysian foods were compared in this study. The biotransformation of palm kernel cake (PKC) biomass mediated by selected L. plantarum strains was subsequently conducted. The results obtained in this study exhibited the studied L. plantarum strains produced versatile multi extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities that were active from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. The highest total score of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities were recorded by L. plantarum RI11, L. plantarum RG11, and L. plantarum RG14. Therefore, they were selected for the subsequent biotransformation of PKC biomass via SSF. The hydrolytic enzyme activities of treated PKC extract were compared for each sampling interval. The scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of extracellular matrices around L. plantarum strains attached to the surface of PKC biomass during SSF, inferring that the investigated L. plantarum strains have the capability to grow on PKC biomass and perform synergistic secretions of various extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes that were essential for the effective biodegradation of PKC. The substantial growth of selected L. plamtraum strains on PKC during SSF revealed the promising application of selected L. plantarum strains as a biotransformation agent for cellulosic biomass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Foo

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…The PKC used in this study contained 35.6% crude fiber, 13.9% of crude protein, 3.6% moisture, 3.9% ashes, 6% ether extract and 37% nitrogen-free extract. Ezieshi and Olomu report comparable amounts of ashes, ether extract and crude protein, but lower levels (10-18%) of crude fiber [21] in three types of African PKC. Also Düsterhöft et al [9], Cervero et al [22] and Azizi et al [3] report similar levels of crude protein and ether extracts, while crude fiber content is not reported in a comparable way.…”

Section: Analysis Of Pkc Usedmentioning

confidence: 94%

Upgrading the Nutritional Value of PKC Using a Bacillus subtilis Derived Monocomponent β-Mannanase

et al. 2022

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Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. β-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a β-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the β-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger β-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of β-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a β-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.

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“…Palm kernel oil can be used for making polish, glycerin, medicine, margarine, oil paint, candle, pomade, cosmetics, toothpaste, etc. [32,33,34,35,36]. Shell particles are generally used as domestic fuel for cooking, decorating houses in many rural communities and a source of coarse aggregate in light concrete mix.…”

Section: Products Obtained From Oil Palm Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security: A review

Assian¹,

Okoko²,

Alonge³

et al. 2022

Poljoprivredna tehnika

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Increasing threat insecurity of food production in Nigeria is perceived in almost all parts and areas of the national food production. Food insecurity seems to be a global challenge that has a lot to do with surge in energy demand, population growth, climate change and competition for land, food and water. The rural settlements are more prone to irregular food supply, malnutrition, and low quality foods, high cost of food items and even widespread lack of food. This has created a serious concern towards national food security. However, the availability of agricultural and food products could mitigate this menace. So, in an attempt to arrest this situation, this paper presents a review of the development of some sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security. In a nutshell, it highlights the overview of oil palm tree, its classification, current and future mechanization, processing of oil palm fruit from the bunch to crude palm kernel oil extraction and other by-products, application of the products; and production capacity of palm oil from 2010 to 2020 in Nigeria. Besides, nutritional composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil, rationale for the use of oil palm and its derivatives in the development of sustainable food and allied products are also discussed. Furthermore, concept of sustainable palm oil, some food products made from palm oil and its functional attributes; and the development of some selected food products with palm oil as one of the major ingredients are also highlighted.

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Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 1. Proximate composition and metabolizable energy values

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Upgrading the Nutritional Value of PKC Using a Bacillus subtilis Derived Monocomponent β-Mannanase

Development of sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security: A review

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