Nutritional programmes in Pakistan: A review

Niazi, Asfandyar Khan; Niazi, Shaharyar K; Baber, Arsalan

doi:10.4103/2278-019x.101297

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Many nutritional programmes (eg, School Health Programme, Micronutrient Initiative, National Programme for Family Planning and Primary Health Care, and Tawana Pakistan Project) have been initiated by governmental and nongovernmental organisations (table 5). 276 Some of these programmes focus on raising awareness in the general public, and others focus on directly supplying food or fortified nutrition to communities. A national action plan for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases and health promotion 277 has been devised but has not been implemented.…”

Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

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The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62·6% of global deaths due to liver diseases in 2015. 54·3% of global deaths due to cirrhosis, 72·7% of global deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma, and more than two-thirds of the global burden of acute viral hepatitis occurred in this region in 2015. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused more than half of the deaths due to cirrhosis in the region, followed by alcohol consumption (20·8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 12·1%), and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 15·7%). In 2015, HBV accounted for about half the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the region. Preventive strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease include increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation. HBV vaccination programmes for neonates have been implemented by all countries, although birthdose coverage is extremely suboptimal in some. Availability of screening tests for blood and tissue, donor recall policies, and harm reduction strategies are in their initial stages in most countries. Many governments have put HBV and HCV drugs on their essential medicines lists and the availability of generic versions of these drugs has reduced costs. Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future. The increasing burden of alcohol-related liver diseases can be contained through government policies to limit consumption and promote less harmful patterns of alcohol use, which are in place in some countries but need to be enforced more strictly. Steps are needed to control obesity and NAFLD, including policies to promote healthy lifestyles and regulate the food industry. Inadequate infrastructure and insufficient health-care personnel trained in liver diseases are issues that also need to be addressed in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy response of most governments to liver diseases has thus far been inadequate and poorly funded. There must be a renewed focus on prevention, early detection, timely referral, and research into the best means to introduce and improve health interventions to reduce the burden of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. 168 www.thelancet.com/gastrohep Vol 5 February 2020The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission accounted for 108 276 (8·2%) of the total liver-related deaths in the region in 2015, compared with 929 (1·2%) of 72 437 in the USA and 4032 (0·3%) of 197 179 in Europe. Deaths in the Asia-Pacific region represented three-quarters of the global total number of deaths due to acute viral hepatitis. In 2015, the region accounted for three-quarters of the global total number of deaths related to acute HBV, almost two-thirds of those due to acute hepatitis A infection, and almost 80% of those due to acute hepatitis E infection. Of all deaths du...

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Section: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

411

303

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some of these programs focus on raising awareness among the population, while others focus on either directly supplying nutrients or fortification of dietary components. However, the root causes of the problem like illiteracy, poverty, and socioeconomic deprivations, are still being neglected 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of under-nutrition among women of reproductive age in Sindh, Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-2013

Ali¹,

Ali²,

Razzaq³

et al. 2020

Popul. Med.

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INTRODUCTION Undernutrition is a significant public health concern in the developing world and factors such as high parity and short birth intervals are significant contributors to maternal undernutrition. This study aimed to assess determinants of undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Sindh, Pakistan, using the national demographic health survey. METHODS Data of 4050 ever married women of reproductive age from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-2013 were analyzed. These included sociodemographic and fertility-related variables. Logistic regression was applied to assess the determinants of undernutrition. RESULTS Women having ≥5 children were 47% less likely to be undernourished compared to women having <5 children (OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.43-0.63). Undernourished women included those who belonged to rural areas (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=3.47; 95% CI: 2.76-4.36), those who breastfed their infants (AOR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.16-1.68), were smokers (AOR=4.35; 95% CI: 2.58-7.34) or worked (AOR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.09-1.47). CONCLUSIONS The highest rates of undernourishment were found among working women as well as those who breastfed, smoked or belonged to the rural setting. We recommend that breastfeeding and working women should be provided awareness through teaching sessions and other means to improve their nutritional status as this subset of patients typically require additional calories.

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“…In recent years, there have been a number of interventions in Pakistan to improve child anthropometrics. Some of these have included school health programs which focus on providing nutrition to school going children (Niazi et al, 2012 ), micronutrient initiatives to address deficiencies such as iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc, among other micronutrients (Nutrition International, 2020 ), and a national nutrition program which targets various aspects of nutrition as well as maternal and child, infant, adolescent and adult nutrition (Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination, 2020 ). A specific focus on gender in nutrition is reflected in the Tawana Pakistan Project (Badruddin et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income-Nutrition Gradient and Intrahousehold Allocation in Rural Pakistan

Ahmed

Khalid

2023

Matern Child Health J

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Objective To estimate the relationship between household income and child health outcomes for male and female children, aged 0–5 years, in rural Pakistan. Method The study uses 2014 round of Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS) and regression analyses to estimate the relationship between household income and child health outcomes for male and female children in rural Pakistan. Results and Policy Implications We find that increase in income is associated with an increase in child weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores, and reduction in the likelihood of a child being underweight or wasted. However, our results suggest that these gains associated with an increase in income are greater for male children as compared to female children. These differences in income-nutrition gradient can be explained by the gender-differences in consumption of health inputs (e.g., food intake, vaccinations, and nutritional supplements) associated with an increase in income. Our results indicate the need for policy instruments that can encourage an equitable resource allocation within households.

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Nutritional programmes in Pakistan: A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Determinants of under-nutrition among women of reproductive age in Sindh, Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-2013

Income-Nutrition Gradient and Intrahousehold Allocation in Rural Pakistan

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