Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of “Okra” (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review

Gemede, Habtamu Fekadu

doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150402.22

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the economically important vegetable crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world [1]. Okra originated in Ethiopia and was then reproduced in the Mediterranean area, North Africa, and India [1]. Environmental stresses negatively affect the growth, yield, and biological activities of plants worldwide [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Azide Priming Enhances Waterlogging Stress Tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

et al. 2019

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Waterlogging stress adversely affects crop growth and yield worldwide. Effect of sodium azide priming on waterlogging stress tolerance of okra plants was investigated. The study was conducted as a field experiment using two weeks old plants grown from 0%, 0.02%, and 0.05% sodium azide (NaN 3 )-treated seeds. The waterlogging conditions applied were categorized into control, one week, and two weeks. Different growth and reproductive parameters were investigated. Activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, root anatomy, and soil chemical analysis were also studied. Results showed that sodium azide priming inhibited germination. The germination percentages recorded were 92.50, 85.00, and 65.00 for 0%, 0.02%, and 0.05% NaN 3 -treated seeds, respectively, nine days after planting. Waterlogging conditions depressed plant height ten weeks after planting. Under waterlogging conditions, NaN 3 promoted plant height and number of leaves formed. NaN 3 also supported the survival of plants and formation of adventitious roots under waterlogging conditions. Waterlogging conditions negatively affected the redox potential, organic C, N, and P concentrations in the soil but enhanced Soil pH, Fe, Mn, Zn, and SO 4 . Under waterlogging conditions, NaN 3 increased the average number of flower buds, flowers, and fruits produced in comparison to control. Moreover, NaN 3 highly stimulated the development of aerenchyma which in turn enhanced the survival of okra plants under waterlogging conditions. NaN 3 priming also enhanced the activities and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, APX; catalase, CAT) under waterlogging conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NaN 3 priming could improve waterlogging stress tolerance in okra.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Azide Priming Enhances Waterlogging Stress Tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

et al. 2019

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“…The oil is majorly Linoleic acid (47.4%), a polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for human nutrition [12], [13]. Gemede [14] has referred to okra as "a perfect villager's vegetable" because it has a balance of seed protein with amino acid tryptophan and lysine which can be compared to soybean protein but with a better efficiency ratio. The seed also has dietary fiber which makes it a good supplement to cereal, other flour diets, and legumes [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly management of the flea beetle, Podagrica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) with Artemisia annua L. seed extract

Ojiako

Ahuchaogu²,

Okere

et al. 2023

IJAAS

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Okra, grown and consumed in every ecological zone, is amongst the most sort after fruit vegetable crops in Nigeria. The crop is often infested by diverse field insect pests, especially the flea beetle Podagrica species, which impinges on its growth and productivity. The application of synthetic pesticides has been the generic insect pest control measure due to its touted effectiveness. These synthetics, however, has safety concerns which include; hazard to human health, amplification of toxins in the food chain, pest resurgence, domestic animals and human poisoning, environmental pollution, insect resistance, natural enemies destruction; springs, wells, rivers, and underground water contamination. Stakeholders are advocating an alternative management approach that is sustainable with less negative social and environmental impact. This study, therefore, compared the insecticidal efficacy of Artemisia annua (source of the antimalarial artemisinin) seed extract in comparison with Cypermethrin 10 EC, a synthetic insecticide, in controlling Podagrica species, the major field insect pests of okra. The trial was set out in a 7 x 4 factorial arrangement integrated into a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Cypermethrin 10 E.C was tested at 0.25 ml, 0.50 ml, and 0.70 ml/100 ml of water, while Artemisia annua extract was applied at 1.00 ml, 2.00 ml, and 3.00 ml/100 ml of water respectively. The control for both treatments was designated 0.0 ml. Data on leaf damage and flea beetle abundance were carried out from 4-10 weeks after planting (WAP) whilst the pods’ weight was measured at maturity. The result shows that i) the concentrations of Artemisia extract and Cypermethrin sprayed provided comparable protection to okra against the flea beetle; ii) the yield of okra (pod weight) does not vary between Artemisia annua extract and Cypermethrin treated plots; and iii) flea beetle infestations vary with okra developmental stages.

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“…Okra has many medicinal properties, such as antifatigue, enhancing immunity, protecting the liver and kidney, reducing lung injury, antihypertension, lowering blood lipid, lowering blood pressure, anticancer, and so on ( Elkhalifa et al, 2021a ). Young okra pods are commonly eaten as vegetables and raw materials for polysaccharide extraction, okra seeds are utilized for oil and protein extraction, and aging fruit pods are served as animal feed ( Fekadu Gemede, 2015 ). In particular, young okra pods are delicious, tender and lubricating, low in energy, free of oil, and contains high okra polysaccharide, rich in carotene, vitamin C, a variety of B vitamins and mineral elements such as Fe, Mn, and Zn, as well as rich phenolic compounds, such as oligocatechin and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives ( Elkhalifa et al, 2021b ; Uddin Zim et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Mechanism of Thymol/KGM/LG Edible Coating Solution on Inhibition of Mucor circinelloides Isolated From Okra

Zhang

Wen

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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With the increasing demand and quality requirement for the natural nutritious food in modern society, okra has attracted much attention because of its high nutritional value and remarkable functionality. However, the occurrence of postharvest diseases of fresh okra severely limited the application and the value of okra. Therefore, in this study, the dominant pathogens causing postharvest diseases such as soft rot were isolated from naturally decaying okra. It was identified as Mucor circinelloides by its morphological characteristics and standard internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence. Furthermore, the biological characteristics of M. circinelloides were studied, and the inhibitory effect of thymol/KGM/LG (TKL) edible coating solution on M. circinelloides and its possible mechanism was discussed. In addition, TKL edible coating solution had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on M. circinelloides, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (EC50) of 113.55 mg/L. The TKL edible coating solution at 960 mg/L of thymol completely inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of M. circinelloides. The results showed that the best carbon source of M. circinelloides was maltose, the best nitrogen source was beef extract and potassium nitrate, the best pH was 6, the best temperature was 28°C, the best NaCl concentration was 0.5%, and the light was conducive to the growth of M. circinelloides. It was also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) that TKL was more likely to destroy the cell wall integrity of M. circinelloides, inhibit spore morphology and change mycelium structure. Meanwhile, the activity of chitinase (CHI), an enzyme related to cell wall synthesis of M. circinelloides, was significantly decreased after being treated by TKL with thymol at 100 mg/L (TKL100). The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in M. circinelloides decreased significantly from 12 h to 48 h, which may cause oxidative damage to the cell membrane. The activity polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylgalacturonase (PMG), and cellulase (Cx) of M. circinelloides decreased significantly. Therefore, the results showed that TKL had a good bacteriostatic effect on okra soft rot pathogen, and the main bacteriostatic mechanism might be the damage of cell membrane, degradation of the cell wall, inhibition of metabolic activities, and reduction of metabolites, which is helpful to further understand the inhibitory effect of TKL on okra soft rot pathogen and its mechanism.

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Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of “Okra” (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review

Abstract: "Okra" (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an economically important vegetable crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical

Cited by 42 publications

References 44 publications

Sodium Azide Priming Enhances Waterlogging Stress Tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Sodium Azide Priming Enhances Waterlogging Stress Tolerance in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Eco-friendly management of the flea beetle, <i>Podagrica</i> species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench) with <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. seed extract

Efficacy and Mechanism of Thymol/KGM/LG Edible Coating Solution on Inhibition of Mucor circinelloides Isolated From Okra

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