Nutritional status and effective verbal communication in Peruvian children: A secondary analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract

Background To estimate the impact of stunting on the development of effective verbal communication (EVC) in children aged 24 to 36 months. Methods We conducted a retrospective, quasi-experimental study design using data from 4452 children between 24 and 36 months of age available in the Early Childhood Development (ECD) section of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019 survey. Achievement of EVC was considered as the dependent variable. After propensity score matching analysis, a total 601 children were included in the exposed (children with stunting) and 3848 in the unexposed group (children without stunting). The psmatch2 Stata software command was used to estimate the impact of stunting on EVC with a level of 5% for significance. Results The EVC indicator was achieved by 57.4% of the children between 24 and 36 months of age evaluated, while the prevalence of stunting in this population was 14%. The evaluation of impact showed that the group exposed to stunting was 8% less likely to show EVC compared to the unexposed group (ATT -0.08; 95% CI -0.106 to -0.054; p<0.001). Conclusions The presence of stunting was found to have a significant impact on the propensity to show EVC in Peruvian children between 24 and 36 months of age. Strengthening of strategies for reducing malnutrition in vulnerable areas, as well as those directly affecting EVC is a priority for diminishing gaps in the achievement of this indicator in our country.

Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries

“…98 In contrast, the practice of brushing teeth with fluoridated dentifrices has been widespread in Latin American countries since childhood. [99][100][101][102] However, some studies have suggested that this habit begins later and occurs less frequently among families with lower socioeconomic status. [103][104][105] Table 2 shows some trials on the behavioral risk factors and caries in LACC.…”

The Effectiveness of the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) Program on The Attitude of Mothers and Health Cadres on Stunting at Puskesmas Karanganom Klaten Central Java Republic of Indonesia

“…However, intense health counselling can increase the understanding of under-tax mothers regarding stunting and nutrition of under-fives. Parental education and socioeconomic factors affect energy and protein intake in under-fives who have edited [13,25].…”

“…The study results showed a relationship between the birth length of toddlers, history of exclusive breastfeeding, family income, mother's education, and maternal nutrition knowledge on the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Therefore, integrated and multisectoral programs are needed to increase family income, education, nutrition knowledge, and exclusive breastfeeding in reducing stunting [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. low family economic status is a significant risk factor for stunting in toddlers aged 2-3 years [4,15].…”

“…Only 48.6% of children under five do not suffer from nutritional disorders [9][10][11][12]. Another factor for stunting is the individual level, caregivers, poor diet, and low maternal education [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Anemia y comunicación verbal efectiva en niños y niñas de 9 a 36 meses

“…La ENDES mide la hemoglobina en niños(as) de 6 a 35 meses y recoge información sobre características del cuidado del niño(as) y sociodemográficas que pueden ser covariables en la asociación entre anemia y la CVE 6,15,16 . En el Perú, estos datos han permitido estimar el efecto de la desnutrición crónica sobre la CVE 17 , sin embargo, no se ha estudiado el efecto de la anemia sobre la CVE. Ante la reducida muestra de estudios previos, que pudo afectar su capacidad para identificar asociaciones; y según el principio de analogía, sustentado por la existencia de efectos negativos de la anemia en otras dimensiones del desarrollo psicomotor en niños(as), formulamos esta investigación.…”