Nutritional Value and Biofunctionalities of Two Edible Green Seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa) from Indonesia by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis

Pangestuti, Ratih; Haq, Monjurul; Rahmadi, Puji; Chun, Byung‐Soo

doi:10.3390/md19100578

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Caulerpa racemosa (C. racemosa) could be a rich source of novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. However, the bioactive chemicals must be separated and purified to study the exact mechanism of action [29,30]. Furthermore, increasing soluble Fas and B-cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) levels in COVID-19 patients raises the fatality rate in COVID-19 individuals [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Representative Seaweeds to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-Bound Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike Protein Trimer

et al. 2022

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Omicron is an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant, evolved from the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2, which is currently infecting worldwide. The spike glycoprotein, an important molecule in the pathogenesis and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially omicron B.1.1.529, shows 37 mutations distributed over the trimeric protein domains. Notably, fifteen of these mutations reside in the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein, which may alter transmissibility and infectivity. Additionally, the omicron spike evades neutralization more efficiently than the delta spike. Most of the therapeutic antibodies are ineffective against the omicron variant, and double immunization with BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2) might not adequately protect against severe disease induced by omicron B.1.1.529. So far, no efficient antiviral drugs are available against omicron. The present study identified the promising inhibitors from seaweed’s bioactive compounds to inhibit the omicron variant B.1.1.529. We have also compared the seaweed’s compounds with the standard drugs ceftriaxone and cefuroxime, which were suggested as beneficial antiviral drugs in COVID-19 treatment. Our molecular docking analysis revealed that caffeic acid hexoside (−6.4 kcal/mol; RMSD = 2.382 Å) and phloretin (−6.3 kcal/mol; RMSD = 0.061 Å) from Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) showed the inhibitory effect against the crucial residues ASN417, SER496, TYR501, and HIS505, which are supported for the inviolable omicron and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor interaction. Cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3beta, 5 alpha) (CMBA) (−6.0 kcal/mol; RMSD = 3.074 Å) from Corallina officinalis (C. officinalis) manifested the strong inhibitory effect against the omicron RBD mutated residues LEU452 and ALA484, was magnificently observed as the essential residues in Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 previously. The standard drugs (ceftriaxone and cefuroxime) showed no or less inhibitory effect against RBD of omicron B.1.1.529. The present study also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the considered chemical compounds. The results could be used to develop potent seaweed-based antiviral drugs and/or dietary supplements to treat omicron B.1.1529-infected patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Representative Seaweeds to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-Bound Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike Protein Trimer

et al. 2022

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“…This bioactive peptide can provide bene cial properties for health and is therefore considered a signi cant compound for developing nutraceuticals or functional foods to ght metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and aging, which are associated with cardiovascular disease. This study that we conducted showed novelty on the measurement of bioactive peptides and their antioxidant activity, which in previous studies had never been reported or carried out 30,40 .…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Evaluation Of C Racemosa Using Mtt Assaymentioning

confidence: 87%

Metabolomic Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Caulerpa racemosa : Functional Food of the Future from Algae

Mayulu

Hardinsyah

Yusuf

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Marine macroalgae are nutraceuticals rich in nutritional profile and secondary bioactive metabolites. However, they have varied nutritional and biochemical qualities due to a variety of reasons. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Caulerpa racemosa, edible green algae also known as Sea grapes. The study successfully identified secondary metabolites through metabolomic profiling untargeted by LC-HRMS as well as a bioactive peptide. In addition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and compounds were determined. A total of 103 metabolites were identified in C. racemosa extract obtained by the maceration, while 48 were detected in the soxhlet extract. A peptide with the sequence ELWKTF (Glu-Leu-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe; C41H58N8O) and its abundance was identified in the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of C. racemosa. In the antioxidant activity test, Soxhletated-extract (ES) and purified fraction 1 (PF1) had half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) < EC50 of control/GSH (DPPH inhibition) and PF1 had EC50 < EC50 of control/Trolox (ABTS inhibition). The cytotoxicity results showed that macerated-extract (EM), ES, and PF1 as antioxidant agents in the observed EC50 were safe. In general, C. racemosa contains antioxidant nutrients, metabolites, and bioactive peptides, a factor that makes it a promising functional food and pharmaceutical.

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“…However, it is commonly used as a condiment in East Asia now [ 34 ]. Up to now, several studies have shown that it contains a lot of amino acids, vitamin E, fatty acids, and dietary fiber nutrients, so consumers now pay abundant attention to the product and not just as a seasoner [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Second, sea grapes are a general term for edible species of green seaweed belonging to the genus of Caulerpa [ 38 ].…”

Section: Classification Of Algal Food and Its Application In Food Ind...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption

Zhuang

Chew

et al. 2022

Molecules

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With the rapid development of the economy and productivity, an increasing number of citizens are not only concerned about the nutritional value of algae as a potential new food resource but are also, in particular, paying more attention to the safety of its consumption. Many studies and reports pointed out that analyzing and solving seaweed food safety issues requires holistic and systematic consideration. The three main factors that have been found to affect the food safety of algal are physical, chemical, and microbiological hazards. At the same time, although food safety awareness among food producers and consumers has increased, foodborne diseases caused by algal food safety incidents occur frequently. It threatens the health and lives of consumers and may cause irreversible harm if treatment is not done promptly. A series of studies have also proved the idea that microbial contamination of algae is the main cause of this problem. Therefore, the rapid and efficient detection of toxic and pathogenic microbial contamination in algal products is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. At the same time, two other factors, such as physical and chemical hazards, cannot be ignored. Nowadays, the detection techniques are mainly focused on three major hazards in traditional methods. However, especially for food microorganisms, the use of traditional microbiological control techniques is time-consuming and has limitations in terms of accuracy. In recent years, these two evaluations of microbial foodborne pathogens monitoring in the farm-to-table chain have shown more importance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, there are also many new developments in the monitoring of heavy metals, algal toxins, and other pollutants. In the future, algal food safety risk assessment will not only focus on convenient, rapid, low-cost and high-accuracy detection but also be connected with some novel technologies, such as the Internet of Things (artificial intelligence, machine learning), biosensor, and molecular biology, to reach the purpose of simultaneous detection.

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Nutritional Value and Biofunctionalities of Two Edible Green Seaweeds (Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa) from Indonesia by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 54 publications

In Silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Representative Seaweeds to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-Bound Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike Protein Trimer

In Silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds of Representative Seaweeds to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-Bound Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike Protein Trimer

Metabolomic Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Caulerpa racemosa : Functional Food of the Future from Algae

Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption

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