Nutritional value, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of two wild edible fruits (Eugenia operculata Roxb. and Antidesma bunius L.) from Assam, North-East India

Abstract

The purpose of present study was to investigate the nutritional composition, phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities of two wild edible fruits viz. Eugenia operculata Roxb. and Antidesma bunius L. from Assam of North-East India. The fruits showed variable amounts of proximate and mineral compositions which are reported herein and discussed. The phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts exhibited the presence of many phytochemicals which are biologically important. The antioxidant activities were examined using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2, 2 -Azinobis (3ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), H 2 O 2 (Hydrogen peroxide) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. The fruits showed antioxidant properties with DPPH IC 50 value of 92.330 ± 4.163 g/mL (E. operculata) and 395.002 ± 3.605 g/mL (A. bunius), ABTS IC 50 value of 52.660 ± 1.154 g/mL (E. operculata) and 105.331 ± 3.055 g/mL (A. bunius), H 2 O 2 IC 50 value of 20.566 ± 0.208 g/mL (E. operculata) and 24.366 ± 0.057 g/mL (A. bunius), and FRAP value of 281.583 ± 8.799 M TE/g DE (dry extract) in E. operculata and 61.583 ± 3.818 M TE/g DE in A. bunius. The total phenolic content (TPC) in E. operculata and A. bunius fruits were found to be 226.741 ± 2.099 mg GAE/g DE and 119.356 ± 1.395 mg GAE/g DE, respectively, while the total flavonoid content (TFC) were 108.761 ± 7.015 mg QE/g DE and 64.323 ± 8.828 mg QE/g DE, respectively. The fresh fruits of A. bunius and E. operculata were found to contain vitamin C of 7.30 ± 1.452 mg/100 g and 6.60 ± 1.123 mg/100 g, respectively. The studies revealed that E. operculata fruit had stronger antioxidant activity than A. bunius fruit showing better DPPH, ABTS and H 2 O 2 scavenging activities, and higher FRAP value, TPC and TFC. TPC and TFC showed a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity assayed by FRAP. A strong positive correlation of antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and H 2 O 2 ) was also found with vitamin C.

Anthocyanin-rich fraction from Thai berries interferes with the key steps of lipid digestion and cholesterol absorption

“…Our findings showed that phytochemical compounds were detected from the remaining fraction after removing organic acids and sugars. Interestingly, the fraction of Thai berry extracts had higher content of anthocyanins than previous studies of Prunus domestica [ 32 , 33 ], Antidesma bunius [ 12 , 34 ], Syzygium cumini [ 35 ], and Syzygium nervosum [ 15 , 36 ]. In the current study, the correlations between phytochemical compounds in the extract and the lipid-lowering activity were also found.…”

A Review of Common Medicinal Plants in Chin State, Myanmar

“…It is recommended for the treatments of cough, asthma, dysentery, bloated stomach, stomachache, fever, inflammation, vomiting, anal fistula, and urinary disorders, as documented in the Myanmar traditional medicine [89]. The ethanol extract of T. triquetrum contains triquetrumones A (23), B, and C, (R)-triquetrumone D (24), cyclokievitone, yukovanol, aromadendrin, kaempferol, astragalin, 2-O-methyl-L-chiro-inositol, galactitol, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, βsitosterol, daucosterol, stigmasterol, stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside, saccharose, docosanoic acid [183], triquetrumones E-H [184], tadehaginosin (25), and 3,4-dihydro-4-(4'hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin [185]. Zhang et al, in extensive investigations of this plant, has revealed the presence of various types of phenylpropanoid glucosides, including tadehaginoside (26), tadehaginoside A (27), and tadehaginoside B-I [186].…”

“…Antidote, syphilis, insect bites and stings [17] Antioxidant [22][23][24], antidiabetic [25][26][27][28][29], antimicrobial [30], pesticide [31], and cytotoxic activities [32] Anti-inflammatory [57], hepatoprotective [53,58], chemopreventive [53], cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimycotic [54], and antioxidant activities [56] 7. Ficus heterophylla L.f. Moraceae Leaves, barks Flatulence, asthma and dysentery [17] No report 8.…”

“…Phytochemical investigations of this plant have detected the presence of dammaradienol, friedelin, epifriedelanol, β-sitosterol [18], corilagin, gallic acid, ferrulic acid, ellagic acid, vicinin II [19], amentoflavone [18][19], antidesoside, podocarpusflavone A, amentoflavone, byzantionoside B, (6S,9R)-roseoside [20], catechin, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 [21]. A. bunius was reported to show antioxidant [22][23][24], antidiabetic [25][26][27][28][29], antimicrobial [30], pesticide [31], and cytotoxic activities [32].…”

Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Odontotermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) a potential source of antioxidant: the two most preferred edible insects of Arunachal Pradesh, India

“…Fig.2Comparative accounts of DPPH • (IC 50 µg/mL) of O. smaragdina, Odontotermes sp., conventional food of plant origin (fruit and vegetables), common edible insects (Values other than those of O. smaragdina and Odontotermes sp., adapted from Zielinska et al[22], Chatsuwan et al[23], Islary et al[24], Tsiba et al[25] and Saiki et al[26] …”