O amor em tempos de cólera: direitos LGTB na Colômbia

Abstract

Em uma audiência realizada em novembro de 2009 perante a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, ativistas denunciaram a violência que as pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais e transgêneros (LGBT) enfrentam na Colômbia. Entre os fatos denunciados estavam o abuso policial, as violações sexuais nas prisões, os assassinatos motivados pelo ódio, bem como múltiplas formas de discriminação. Isso contrasta com a jurisprudência avançada da Corte Constitucional da qual decorre a proteção da livre opção sexual. A partir de uma descrição tanto da violência como das sentenças, este artigo analisa o papel simbólico do direito e argumenta que os ativistas têm uma relação ambivalente com o direito: ao mesmo tempo em que desconfiam dele, por sua ineficácia, mobilizam-se pela reforma legal e se beneficiam da jurisprudência progressista da Corte.

A long road: Patterns and prospects for social equity, diversity, and inclusion in public administration

“…The drafting and passage of the 1991 Colombian Constitution was a juridical and cultural twist (Cuchumbé Holguín, 2012), “the fruit of a strong citizen participation and the incorporation of ethnic, religious, gender and political minorities into the public debate” (Laurent, 2018, p. 5). The dynamics surrounding the passage and subsequent events and policies led to greater chances of historically marginalized groups—women, LGBTQ+ individuals, Afro Colombian and Indigenous communities—to address, discuss, and have remedied pervasive discrimination, violence, vectors of exclusion, and racism (Eagan, 2006; Laurent, 2018; Lemaitre Ripoll, 2009; Salazar, 2013; Sánchez Botero, 2005). Most of these tools are Constitutional Court rulings (Sánchez Botero, 2005), public policy master documents, such as the CONPES document #3310 for the betterment of the living conditions of the Afro Colombian population (Mosquera Rosero‐Labbé & León Díaz, 2009), while others enforce the implementation of affirmative actions as means of committing national and local governments to action (Moreno Parra, 2010).…”

“…Constitution and Court decisions have been deemed as insufficient to subvert violence, racism, and discrimination within Colombian society, especially for indigenous and Afro-descendant populations (Lemaitre Ripoll, 2009;Mato, 2017).…”

“…Affirmative actions have been implemented concerning government procurement, hiring, contracting, promoting effective participation of women (Durango Álvarez, 2016; Gómez‐Hernández, 2018; Vallejo Molina, 2017), recognizing and protecting ethnic and racial diversity (Restrepo, 2013; Laurent, 2018), and promoting gender and LGBTQ+ equity (Cotrina Gulfo, 2017; Durango Álvarez, 2016). Still, the 1991 Constitution and Court decisions have been deemed as insufficient to subvert violence, racism, and discrimination within Colombian society, especially for indigenous and Afro‐descendant populations (Lemaitre Ripoll, 2009; Mato, 2017).…”

“…Whitening became an ideology and social practice to establish a “Colombian hierarchical social order” (Wade, 2000, p. 103). Although recognizing diversity remains a valid starting point to foster DEI in policy, law, and management, stagnation occurs whether through violence perpetrated against historically marginalized communities (Lemaitre Ripoll, 2009) or through government not remedying inequities faced by such communities (Salazar, 2013, p. 106). Thus, this vignette examines higher education and civil society organizational (CSO) collaboration as a suitable path to break Colombian lethargy in the pursuit of DEI and particularly focuses on Universidad Icesi in Cali as a case study.…”

Significado del Riesgo de VIH/SIDA para Hombres Homosexuales en Medellín, Colombia

“…Investigaciones como la de Salazar et al (2006) han encontrado que la fobia a la homosexualidad en condiciones de roles de género hegemónicas hace que la población homosexual interiorice prácticas de riesgo y disminuya las conductas de prevención, pese a tener conocimiento sobre la enfermedad. En Colombia, los colectivos de derechos humanos y activistas de la comunidad de lesbianas, gay, bisexuales y transexuales han denunciado el abuso policial, las violaciones en cárceles, los asesinatos por odio y otras formas de discriminación como maneras de violencia dirigidas hacia toda la comunidad homosexual (Lemaitre Ripoll, 2009). En Medellín, en la década de los 90 se desarrolló una investigación microetnográfica que intentaba comprender el significado de algunas de las vivencias que, frente a la epidemia del VIH/SIDA, experimentaban los grupos expuestos a un mayor riesgo de infección o enfermedad, las cuales pudieran explicar el éxito o el fracaso de los programas de intervención en la región (Seccional de Salud de Antioquia, 1993), encontrando que, aunque los participantes tenían un nivel aceptable de información frente al riesgo de sus comportamientos en relación con el VIH, seguían manteniendo tales conductas (Posada & Gómez-Arias, 2007).…”