O-Band Multimode Interference Coupler Power Combiner Using Slot-Waveguide Structures

Khateeb, Salman; Katash, Netanel; Malka, Dror

doi:10.3390/app12136444

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nowadays, optimization algorithms are usually needed to solve complex engineering problems in different applications [47][48][49][50][51]. In this study, RUN is applied to solve the proposed problem.…”

Section: Run Optimization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second stage, the enhanced solution quality scheme, formulated in ( 48) and ( 49), is executed to improve the quality of the solutions obtained. The new variable x new2 is obtained by (48) if w < 1; otherwise, x new2 is computed by (49). It is worth mentioning that Equations ( 48) and ( 49) are carried out if a randomly generated value between 0 and 1 is less than 0.5.…”

Section: Updating and Evaluation Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards Maximizing Hosting Capacity by Optimal Planning of Active and Reactive Power Compensators and Voltage Regulators: Case Study

Mahmoud

Aleem²,

Abdelaziz³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Improving the performance of distribution systems is one of the main objectives of power system operators. This can be done in several ways, such as network reconfiguration, system reinforcement, and the addition of different types of equipment, such as distributed generation (DG) units, shunt capacitor banks (CBs), and voltage regulators (VRs). In addition, the optimal use of renewable and sustainable energy sources (RSESs) has become crucial for meeting the increase in demand for electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This requires the development of techno-economic planning models that can measure to what extent modern power systems can host RSESs. This article applies a new optimization technique called RUN to increase hosting capacity (HC) for a rural Egyptian radial feeder system called the Egyptian Talla system (ETS). RUN relies on mathematical concepts and principles of the widely known Runge–Kutta (RK) method to get optimal locations and sizes of DGs, CBs, and VRs. Furthermore, this paper presents a cost-benefit analysis that includes fixed and operating costs of the compensators (DGs, CBs, and VRs), the benefits obtained by reducing the power purchased from the utility, and the active power loss. The current requirements of Egyptian electricity distribution companies are met in the formulated optimization problem to improve the HC of this rural system. Uncertain loading conditions are taken into account in this study. The main load demand clusters are obtained using the soft fuzzy C-means clustering approach according to load consumption patterns in this rural area. The introduced RUN optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal coordination problem between DGs, CBs, and VRs. Excellent outcomes are obtained with a noteworthy reduction in the distribution network power losses, improvement in the system’s minimum voltage, and improvement of the loading capacity. Several case studies are investigated, and the results prove the efficiency of the introduced RUN-based methodology, in which the probabilistic HC of the system reaches 100% when allowing reverse power flow to the utility. In comparison, this becomes 49% when allowing reverse power to flow back to the utility.

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Section: Run Optimization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Updating and Evaluation Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Maximizing Hosting Capacity by Optimal Planning of Active and Reactive Power Compensators and Voltage Regulators: Case Study

Mahmoud

Aleem²,

Abdelaziz³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These reflections can be categorized into internal resonance modes, arising from self-imaging effects, and reflections back into the access waveguides, caused by phase differences in the input to the MMI. BR occurs due to different refractive indices along the waveguide boundaries and can hinder system performance [ 30 ]. However, by employing low-index materials such as Si 3 N 4 [ 31 ], which provides benefits like a low refractive index, low absorption in the O-band range, and reduced sensitivity to temperature changes [ 32 , 33 ], these reflection issues can be mitigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical 1×4 Power Splitter Based on Silicon–Nitride MMI Using Strip Waveguide Structures

Frishman,

Malka

2023

Nanomaterials

Self Cite

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This paper presents a new design for a 1 × 4 optical power splitter using multimode interference (MMI) coupler in silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip waveguide structures. The main functionality of the proposed design is to use Si3N4 for dealing with the back reflection (BR) effect that usually happens in silicon (Si) MMI devices due to the self-imaging effect and the higher index contrast between Si and silicon dioxide (SiO2). The optimal device parameters were determined through numerical optimizations using the beam propagation method (BPM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD). Results demonstrate that the power splitter with a length of 34.6 μm can reach equal distribution power in each output port up to 24.3% of the total power across the O-band spectrum with 0.13 dB insertion loss and good tolerance MMI coupler parameters with a shift of ±250 nm. Additionally, the back reflection range over the O-band was found to be 40.25–42.44 dB. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the incorporation using Si3N4 MMI and adiabatic input and output tapers in mitigating unwanted BR to ensure that a good signal is received from the laser. This design showcases the significant potential for data-center networks, offering a promising solution for efficient signal distribution and facilitating high-performance and reliable optical signal routing within the O-band range. By leveraging the advantages of Si3N4 and the MMI coupler, this design opens possibilities for advanced optical network architectures and enables efficient transmission of optical signals in the O-band range.

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“…The working principle is based on self-imaging caused by internal interference of the modes excited and propagating in it [2], [4]- [6]. They find an impressive number of applications such as splitter [7], couplers [8], multiplexers [9], demultiplexers [10], power combiners [11], filters [12], sensors [13], active components [14] to name a few. 90-degree hybrid couplers are a subclass of MMIs, which finds applications in coherent detection systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturization of 2 × 4 90-Degree Hybrid Optical Couplers

Miranda

Yao

Tol

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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In this work we study the limits of miniaturization of a 90-degree hybrid coupler working in the L, C and S bands, with respect to a number of performance parameters aimed at its application for balanced detection. We investigate the main effects responsible for the degradation of the performance of the devices during miniaturization, and establish the minimal dimension that such devices can have without significant degradation for photonic applications such as balanced detection. The miniaturized device in InP generic technology has a footprint of only 2200µm 2 , more than 5 times smaller than the conventional device used as reference. The scaling approach is based on the use of the number of propagating modes which are sustained in both the miniaturized MMI and port waveguides as scaling parameters. This approach allows us to generalize the miniaturization problem from a specific platform and offers a methodology which is flexible and transferable to multiple platforms. We tested the scaling methodology based on the number of modes in other platforms commonly used in integrated photonics, such as Si/SiO2 (SOI), TriPleX or polymer platforms, obtaining comparable results and proving the universality of our approach, finally we performed a fabrication tolerance analysis of the miniaturized devices.

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O-Band Multimode Interference Coupler Power Combiner Using Slot-Waveguide Structures

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Towards Maximizing Hosting Capacity by Optimal Planning of Active and Reactive Power Compensators and Voltage Regulators: Case Study

Towards Maximizing Hosting Capacity by Optimal Planning of Active and Reactive Power Compensators and Voltage Regulators: Case Study

An Optical 1×4 Power Splitter Based on Silicon–Nitride MMI Using Strip Waveguide Structures

Miniaturization of 2 × 4 90-Degree Hybrid Optical Couplers

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