O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

Abstract

RESUMO -O Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) é uma tarefa amplamente utilizada na avaliação da capacidade de tomada de decisão. Neste artigo, procede-se à revisão da literatura, comparando-se as versões do IGT, as diferentes medidas de avaliação do desempenho e as alterações introduzidas nos procedimentos, nomeadamente no feedback, na aleatorização espacial dos baralhos, no número de ensaios e de cartas por baralho, nas instruções, na remuneração e na manipulação das recompensas e punições. Desta análise, conclui-se que as diversas versões da tarefa, as alterações nos procedimentos de aplicação e as diferentes medidas utilizadas na avaliação têm impacto no desempenho, prejudicam a comparação entre estudos e as generalizações dos resultados. Finalmente, apresentam-se sugestões para uma maior adequação dos procedimentos. Palavras-chave: Iowa Gambling Task, tomada de decisão, feedback, recompensas, puniçõesThe Iowa Gambling Task: A Critical Revision ABSTRACT -The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used task in the assessment of the decision-making ability. In this article, we conduct a literature review by comparing IGT versions, different performance assessment measures, and changes to procedures including feedback, spatial randomization of decks, number of trials, number of cards per deck, instructions, payment, and rewards and punishments. On basis of this analysis, we conclude that different versions of the task, changes in application procedures and different measures used to assess the task have an impact on performance, thereby affecting comparison among studies and generalization of results. Finally, we offer suggestions to define adequate procedures.

Decision-making in adult unipolar depressed patients and healthy subjects: significant differences in Net Score and in non-traditional alternative measures

“…As in Cella, Dymond, and Cooper's (2010) study, and in contrast to the results obtained by Smoski et al (2008), there were differences concerning total results between depressed subjects and healthy controls. It was not possible to corroborate that alterations in decision-making are specific features of bipolar disorders (Murphy et al, 2001) because, in the current study, depressed patients were outperformed by controls even in alternative measures, particularly CD-AB Trials 21-100 and CD-AB Trials 41-100, that exclude the first trials which may be related to a higher difficulty or slowness in adapting to the rules of the game (Areias et al, 2013). Concerning aging effects, older subjects (over 50 years old) took more time to perform the test, these results may be related to cognitive decline and motor functioning loss.…”

“…This study used a IGT version from the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) (Mueller, 2013), a free access battery, following the application indications of Areias, Paixão and Figueira (2013). The classical 100 trials were performed, complying with changes of original instructions (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio & Lee, 1999), embedded in the application.…”

“…Regarding performance assessment, in addition to a conventional calculation (CD-AB Trials 1-100), we replicated other alternative measures (Gansler, Jerram, Vannorsdall & Schretlen, 2011), particularly D-A, as well as two measures which exclude the first trials (CD-AB Trials 21-100; CD-AB Decision-making in adult unipolar depressed patients and healthy subjects Trials 41-100) in which choices are made without an explicit knowledge of reward and punishment contingencies (Areias et al, 2013).…”

Adaptation and validation of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese

“…However, it has not yet been adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Given the widespread use of the IGT in the Brazilian literature, 40 and the unavailability of questionnaires and scales to complement this assessment, the adaptation of an instrument such as the MDMQ into Brazilian Portuguese would be a valuable addition to the existing literature.…”

A Tomada de Decisão com o Iowa Gambling Task

“…O enorme sucesso do IGT, como uma tarefa experimental, revê-se no número de resultados que podem ser obtidos googlando o descritor "Iowa Gambling Task" (Areias et al, 2013;Paixão & Areias, no prelo;Paixão, 2016). O número destes trabalhos, e as respetivas citações, evidencia que a tarefa tem sido utilizada nos mais variados estudos sobre psicopatologia e neuropsicologia, tal como identificamos no nosso estudo de 2016.…”