O-Methylated glycans from Toxocara are specific targets for antibody binding in human and animal infections

Schabussova, Irma; Amer, Hassan; Die, Irma van; Kosma, Paul; Maizels, Rick M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.09.006

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, SEA, which contains glycoproteins, is recognized and internalized by human DC in a DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-, mannose receptor-and macrophage galactose-type lectin-dependent manner [16,17] [20], suggests that CLR play an important role in conditioning DC for induction of Th2 responses by schistosomal antigens. Moreover, antigens from Toxocara canis were found to be recognized by DC-SIGN expressed on DC [21], and the induction of a Th2 response in vivo by antigens of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi, as well as the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, was found to be dependent on intact glycans [22]. These findings together suggest that certain helminth glycans may serve as PAMP that instruct DC via CLR to drive Th2-polarized responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 immune responses with a regulatory component. DC, as central players in the induction and maintenance of immune responses, play a prominent role in both these processes, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind the interplay between DC and helminths. It is becoming increasingly clear that helminths modulate DC function not only via direct interactions but also indirectly via host-derived cues. Furthermore, while studies have until recently focused on receptor signalingmediated DC modulation by helminths, evidence is emerging that DC may also respond to helminth infections by sensing stress signals or tissue damage inflicted by the worms or their products. Here, we will discuss these new insights and will link them to the origin and importance of Th2 and regulatory immune responses with respect to the survival of both parasite and host.Key words: DC . Helminth . Th cell polarization . Tissue damage IntroductionThe classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 responses. The induction of Th2 immunity has been shown to be important for resistance to helminth infections in various model systems; however, despite induction of a Th2 response, total clearance of the parasites rarely occurs in man (reviewed in [1,2]). This implies that helminths have evolved strategies, such as evasion or suppression of the host immune response that prevent their expulsion and permit their long-term survival. The immune modulatory effects are thought to arise from the helminth's capacity to exploit the host's own system of immune regulation, which is normally crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and self tolerance. In this respect, the induction of Treg has been shown to be one of the most common mechanisms that restrains immune responses against the parasite while also preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage inflicted by the worms (reviewed in [2,3]). Therefore, it is not surprising that among the variety of mechanisms developed by helminths to influence host immune responses, modulation of DC as pivotal players in the initiation and polarization of adaptive immune responses, including Treg modulation, may have a particularly important role (reviewed in [2,4,5] ) carbohydrate epitope found in schistosoma soluble egg antigens (SEA), has been implicated in TLR4-dependent priming of Th2 responses via DC [9]. However, SEA is also known to be capable of modulating DC for Th2 priming in the absence of TLR signaling [10]. Furthermore, phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids derived from schistosomes and ascaris worms, which carry TLR2-activating molecules, have been shown to promote Th2 responses via DC, but this is not TLR2 dependent [11], whereas monoacetylated PS lipids from schistosomes were found to specifically instruct DC to preferentially induce IL-10-producing Treg in a TLR2-dependent fashion [12]. Although TLR2 does not seem to be essential for Th2 polar...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, several studies have shown the sensing of helminth-derived glycans through this family of carbohydrate binding receptors which include the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN (DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin). Antigens from Toxocara canis , Brugia malayi , Caenorhabditis elegans , and schistosomes have been associated with DC-SIGN and there is strong evidence that CLR triggering on DC by helminth glycans drives Th2 polarized responses (Okano et al, 1999, 2001; van Die et al, 2003; Tawill et al, 2004; Meyer et al, 2005; Schabussova et al, 2007). Although helminth components fail to induce conventional DC maturation – leading to impaired Th1 development – all interactions appear to drive Th2 or regulatory responses and some are highlighted in Table 1.…”

Section: Helminth-mediated Immune-modulation On Innate Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection

Ludwig‐Portugall¹,

Layland²

2012

Front. Immun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Commonly described as masters of regulation parasitic helminth infections provide a fascinating insight into the complexity of our immune system. As with many other pathogens helminths have developed complex evasion strategies and the immune response of the host has to find a balance between eliciting severe damage to eliminate the parasite or limiting damage and thereby accepting the infection. Nevertheless, one should not forget that these infections still pose a serious public health problem and can elicit severe disfigurement or death in the individual. An interesting spin-off of helminth manipulation on host responses is the apparent prevention of autoimmune diseases or allergy although the actual mechanisms remain unclear. It is well known that Toll-like-receptors (TLR) and non-TLR PRRs play a critical role in initiating innate immune responses which in turn create appropriate adaptive immune reactions. Helminths comprise of a multitude of (glyco)-proteins and (glyco)-lipids and some have been shown to trigger TLR, or alter TLR-mediated responses. Such reactions of course alter adaptive immunity as well. This review will address the consequences of TLR-triggering by helminth antigens and the downstream effect on B cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) actions.

show abstract

“…shown to be specific antibody targets (Schabussova, et al, 2007) (Qasba, et al, 2008) Sialic acid HSA TOF Multivalent Neu5Ac conjugates inhibit adenovirus type 37 from infecting human corneal epithelia (Johansson, et al, 2007) 6-Sialyllactose Ovalbumin TOF For monitoring influenza virus hemagglutinin (Mandenius, et al, 2008) 2,3-Sialyl-T antigen (Neu5Ac-GalGlcNAc)…”

Section: Analysis Of Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2007–2008

Harvey

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.

show abstract

O-Methylated glycans from Toxocara are specific targets for antibody binding in human and animal infections

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2007–2008

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About