O tabagismo e a mulher: riscos, impactos e desafios

Abstract

The initiative was motivated by mounting evidence that smoking in this population group had increased in many countries.(1,2) Even in societies where smoking has decreased, the reduction is less pronounced among women. (1,4) It is known that the tobacco industry makes an effort to increase the numbers of women who are nicotine-dependent. Data regarding 151 countries revealed that, in general, the prevalence of smoking is higher in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls (12% vs. 7%); however, in various countries, the prevalence of smoking is similar for both genders.(1) IntroductionSmoking by women has been a growing concern, drawing the attention of health care institutions in an attempt to alert society and health care workers to the negative impact that smoking has on women's health. (1,2) For the 2010 "World No Tobacco Day", which was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1987, the WHO chose the theme "Gender and tobacco with an emphasis on marketing to women". The primary objective was to encourage policies to combat the marketing strategies employed by the tobacco industry and to curb the epidemic of smoking among women. AbstractSmoking among women has drawn increasing attention because of the increase (or less pronounced decrease) in its prevalence when compared with that observed for men, as well as because of the specific effects that smoking has on women's health. For the 2010 "World No Tobacco Day", the World Health Organization chose the theme "Gender and tobacco with an emphasis on marketing to women", with the aim of encouraging policies to combat marketing strategies employed by the tobacco industry and to curb the epidemic of smoking among women. In this article, we discuss the characteristics of smoking among women, addressing factors such as smoking prevalence, nicotine dependence, the role of the tobacco industry, health risks, approaches to smoking cessation, treatment strategies, and prevention measures. Keywords:Smoking; Women's health; Tobacco industry. ResumoO tabagismo entre as mulheres tem cada vez mais merecido destaque devido ao aumento (ou da redução menos acentuada) de sua prevalência em comparação com aquela dos homens, bem como devido a especificidades dos efeitos do tabagismo na saúde da mulher. Em 2010, a Organização Mundial da Saúde elegeu para o "Dia Mundial sem Tabaco" o tema "Gênero e tabaco com ênfase na propaganda voltada para a mulher", com o objetivo de estimular políticas de combate às estratégias de marketing da indústria do tabaco e conter a epidemia de tabagismo entre as mulheres. O presente artigo discorre sobre as características do tabagismo na mulher, abordando fatores como prevalência, dependência, a atuação da indústria, riscos à saúde, abordagens à cessação do tabagismo e estratégias de tratamento e prevenção.Descritores: Tabagismo; Saúde da mulher; Indústria do tabaco.

Tabagismo: o que tem sido abordado em periódicos brasileiros

“…In a review article, Lombardi et al 59 showed an extensive approach on smoking in the female sex, from aspects associated with motivations for initiation, addiction -usually higher in females -epidemiological data on smoking, tobaccorelated diseases, calling attention to its influence on breast cancer, which, from a controversial theme until a few years ago, came to be included among the tobacco-associated cancers, as well as aspects related to treatment.…”

Avaliação dos resultados obtidos nos grupos de controle do tabagismo realizados numa unidade de saúde de Curitiba-PR

“…12 A prevalência de tabagistas do sexo feminino, em análise feita nas capitais brasileiras em 2010, é de 12,4%. 13 dos entrevistados afirmaram já terem participado de alguma forma no controle do tabagismo.…”

Fazeres em Saúde Coletiva: Experiências e reflexões de jovens sanitaristas

“…Devido a este fato, as instituições e os profissionais de saúde estão tendo uma maior atenção com o público feminino (LOMBARDI et al, 2011). Segundo Borges e Barbosa (2009), 500 mil mulheres vão a óbito por ano em decorrência do tabagismo, fato que se encontra em ascensão em todos os países.…”